摘要: The activation of C−H bonds of CH4 is a key step for the conversion of methane to chemical commodities. Loading Ni onto ZrO2 is regarded as a relatively efficient way to harness the beneficial electronic property and the fine dispersion of the Ni catalyst for CH4 dissociation. Herein we demonstrate the crucial role of Ni13 catalyst supported on ZrO2 for the dissociation of CH4. The density functional theory (DFT) results show that the ZrO2 supported Ni13 stabilizes all species better and facilitates CH4 activation. The stepwise dehydrogenations of CH4 on Ni13-ZrO2(111) exhibits longer C−H bond lengths of ISs , lower Ea, and smaller displacements between the detaching H and the remaining CHx fragment in TSs . In addition, they are also thermodynamically more feasible. However, without the ZrO2 support on Ni13, the opposite results are obtained. Consequently, the ZrO2 modified Ni13 is more superior to the original Ni13 in CH4 dehydrogenation. The electronic analysis combining DFT calculations confirmed that the larger overlap between C 2p and Ni 3d, and the electron transfer of Ni→C cause the weaker C 2p−H 1s hybridization. In addition, the reduction of electron transfer of H→C leads to a stronger interaction between Ni and C along with a weak C−H bond. Hence, the ZrO2 support serves as the d-band electron reservoir at Ni13 and it is benefit to the activation of C−H bonds in CH4 dehydrogenation.
摘要: A bifunctional catalyst of Ru5/ASA-TiO2 was prepared by using a novel silicon-aluminum (ASA)-TiO2 amorphous composite, which was synthesized by a steam-assisted method, as the support. X-ray diffraction (XRD), pyridine adsorption infrared (Py-FTIR), ammonia-temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and other methods were used to characterize the structure and the acidity of the prepared catalyst. Using diphenyl ether as the lignite-related model compound, the reaction activity of the Ru5/ASA-TiO2 for the catalytic hydrogenolysis of 4–O–5 type ether bonds was investigated under a mild condition. The results show that the weak acid and/or the Lewis acid rather than the strong Brønsted acid mainly contribute to improve the conversion rate and the benzene yield of the catalytic hydrogenolysis of diphenyl ether. The reaction temperature can influence the relative content of various types of acids to significantly affect the selectivity of the hydrogenolysis products of diphenyl ether. The conversion rate of diphenyl ether is greater than 98% while the benzene yield is 67.1%.
摘要: As ammonia slip becomes more serious with the traditional deNOx application, ammonia-free technologies have received more and more attention recently. Cu-K bimetal loaded activated carbon catalysts were prepared by equivalent-volume impregnation method for the direct reduction of NO and showed good NO reduction performance in a wide temperature range under temperature-programmed surface reactions (TPSRs) conditions in aerobic and anaerobic environments. The catalysts were characterized by BET, SEM, XRD, XPS, H2-TPR, Raman and FT-IR techniques and the NO reduction mechanism was analyzed. Experimental results show that the active functional groups formed on the surface of activated carbon are the important intermediate products and play a key role in the reduction reaction. The presence of O2 greatly promotes the formation of the intermediate, C(O) (Oxygen-containing functional groups on the carbon surface), leading to the increase reduction rate of NO. The bimetallic oxides catalysts are obviously effective to directly reduce NO. When the ratio of copper: potassium is 2∶1, the NO reduction efficiency is about 90% at 300 °C. The catalytic activity mainly depends on the redox cycle of CuO/Cu2O, and the potassium inhibits the agglomeration of copper on the surface of carbon materials and enhances the catalytic reactivity of Cu.