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摘要: 二氧化碳捕获和利用 (CCU)是目前降低大气中二氧化碳浓度的最好方法之一，而且具有很好的发展前景。在此基础上人们探究了以CO2为碳源合成有机化合物的方法。噁唑烷酮分子通常被应用于合成一些药物，并且在有机合成中也具有重要的意义，其合成方法近年来层出不穷，以二氧化碳为碳源的方法更是吸引了诸多研究工作者。早期人们利用二氧化碳和氮丙啶进行环加成反应，使用碱金属、Cr、Al等金属催化剂来提高反应的收率。考虑到成本和绿色合成的原则，选用廉价易得的离子液体或者不使用催化剂的方法更适合大规模的生产。除此之外，二氧化碳还可以和2-氨基醇等化合物在不同反应条件下得到优良甚至极好的产率。因此，本工作对近几年通过二氧化碳分别和氮丙啶、2-氨基醇、不饱和胺以及1, 2-二卤代烃反应合成噁唑烷酮的方法进行了总结和概述。Abstract: Carbon dioxide capture and utilization (CCU) is the best way to solve the problem of reducing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and it has a good prospect for development. On this basis, chemical researchers have explored the methods of synthesizing valuable organic compounds with CO2 as carbon source. The oxazolidinones are commonly used to synthesize drugs, and they are significant in organic synthesis as chiral molecules and intermediates. The synthetic methods of oxazolidinones have emerged in recent years. Furthermore, the methods of using carbon dioxide as a carbon source have attracted many researchers. In earlier years, people explored cycloaddition reactions of carbon dioxide and aziridines to synthesize oxazolidinones, and they took alkali metals, Cr, Al or other metals as catalysts to improve the efficiency of the reactions. Because of the cost and the principle of green synthesis, it is more suitable for large-scale reaction to select cheap and easily available ionic liquids or no catalysts. In addition, carbon dioxide and compounds such as β-amino alcohols, unsaturated amines and 1, 2-dihalohydrogenated compounds can obtain moderate or even excellent yields under different reaction conditions. In this paper, we summarized the synthetic methods of oxazolidinones using CO2 with different raw materials in recent years.
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Key words:
- carbon dioxide /
- oxazolidinones /
- aziridines /
- epoxides /
- β-amino alcohols
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Figure 4 Plausible catalytic cycle using aluminum complexes[51]
(with permission from Wiley-VCH)
Figure 5 A possible mechanism for the PEG6000(NBu3Br)2-catalyzed cycloaddition of CO2 with aziridine [60]
(with permission from ACS Publications)
Figure 8 Plausible mechanism for potassium phosphate-catalyzed synthesis of oxazolidinones from amines, aryl epoxides and CO2[101]
(with permission from Royal Society of Chemistry)
Figure 11 A route to synthesize oxazolidinones from dihalogenated compounds[128]
(with permission from Wiley-VCH)
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