两类药渣的水热提质效果及其燃烧特性研究

庄修政; 詹昊; 黄艳琴; 宋艳培; 阴秀丽; 吴创之

两类药渣的水热提质效果及其燃烧特性研究

庄修政^{1, 2},
詹昊^{1, 2},
黄艳琴¹,
宋艳培^{1, 2},
阴秀丽^1, ,,
吴创之¹

1.
中国科学院广州能源研究所中国科学院可再生能源重点实验室, 广东省新能源和可再生能源重点实验室, 广东广州 510640
2.
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

基金项目:

国家重点研发项目 2016YFE0203300

广东省自然科学基金 2017B030308002

详细信息

中图分类号: TK6
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-02-06
- 修回日期: 2018-06-14
- 网络出版日期: 2021-01-23
- 刊出日期: 2018-08-10

Influence of hydrothermal upgrading on the fuel characteristics and combustion behavior of herb wastes

ZHUANG Xiu-zheng^{1, 2},
ZHAN Hao^{1, 2},
HUANG Yan-qin¹,
SONG Yan-pei^{1, 2},
YIN Xiu-li^{1
, ,},
WU Chuang-zhi¹

1.
Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, CAS, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Funds:

the National Key R & D Project 2016YFE0203300

the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation 2017B030308002

More Information

Corresponding author: YIN Xiu-li, E-mail: xlyin@ms.giec.ac.cn

摘要

摘要: 以中药药渣（HTW）与抗生素药渣（PMW）为对象，采用X射线光电子能谱、热重分析仪、量热仪与傅里叶红外分光光度计等技术分析两类药渣的差异并探究水热处理对药渣的提质效果与作用机理。结果表明，HTW含有大量木质纤维类成分，而PMW则以蛋白质与多糖为主；尽管这两类组分在水热提质中的转化途径有所区别，但均能提高药渣的热值（HTW：从19.4到26.2 MJ/kg；PMW：从19.1到29.3 MJ/kg）。同时，药渣的煤化程度随温度的上升而增加，甚至能接近烟煤水平。此外，由于水热过程中的脱挥发分与芳构化作用使得药渣中低能量的碳氢键转变为高能量的碳碳双键，不仅改善了药渣的燃烧性能，还使药渣在燃烧过程更为稳定且充分。
- 药渣 /
- 水热提质 /
- 焚烧 /
- 燃料特性
Abstract: Based on two kinds of biowastes (penicillin mycelia waste, PMW; herbal tea waste, HTW), the difference of biowastes derived from various sources and their fuel characteristics and combustion behavior after hydrothermal upgrading were investigated with the assistance of XPS, TGA and FTIR analyses. The results show that HTW mainly contains lignocelluloses, while PMW mostly consists of protein and polysaccharides. Although the specific conversion paths of various components are slightly different during hydrothermal process, both the higher heating values (HHV) of biowastes are improved (HTW:from 19.4 to 26.2 MJ/kg; PMW:from 19.1 to 29.3 MJ/kg); meanwhile, the coalification degree of biowastes increases with the growing temperature, even reaching the degree of bituminite at 300℃. In addition, the variation in carbon content and structure reflects that the reaction of devolatilization and aromatization during hydrothermal process can improve not only the fuel characteristics but also the combustion behavior.
- medicinal biowastes /
- hydrothermal upgrading /
- incineration /
- fuel characteristics

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图 1 两类药渣的组成成分

: protein; : lipid; : carbohydrate

Figure 1 Components of two types of herb wastes

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图 2 两类药渣的TG-DTG曲线

Figure 2 TG-DTG curves of two types of herb wastes at Ar atmosphere with a heating rate of 10 ℃/min

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图 3 (a) 水热焦的热值以及能量回收率；(b)水热焦的煤化程度

Figure 3 (a) Q_HHV and ERE of hydrochars prepared at various temperatures; (b) van Krevelen diagram for herb wastes and its derived hydrochars

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图 4 药渣及其水热焦的红外光谱谱图

Figure 4 FT-IR spectra of herb wastes and its derived hydrochars at various temperatures

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图 5 药渣及其水热焦的XPS(C 1s)谱图

Figure 5 XPS(C 1s) spectra of herb wastes and derived hydrochars at various temperatures

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图 6 药渣及其水热焦的碳结构化学键随温度的变化

Figure 6 Variation of carbon structure in herb wastes during hydrothermal process

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图 7 中药药渣及其水热焦的燃烧曲线

Figure 7 TG and DTG curves of HTW and its derived hydrochars

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图 8 抗生素药渣及其水热焦的燃烧曲线

Figure 8 TG and DTG curves of PMW and its derived hydrochars

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表 1 两类药渣的原料特性

Table 1 Properties of herb residues

Sample		Proximate analysis w_d/%				Ultimate analysis w_daf/%					Q_HHV/(J·g^-1)
Sample		V	FC	A		C	H	O	N	S	Q_HHV/(J·g^-1)
HTW		68.73	17.37	13.90		52.36	6.87	37.44	3.03	0.30	19367
PMW		78.06	15.42	6.52		47.90	6.59	36.97	7.95	0.59	19061
Ash analysis (expressed as w/% of metal oxides)
SiO₂	Al₂O₃	MgO	Na₂O	Fe₂O₃	P₂O₅	CaO	K₂O	TiO₂	ZnO	CuO	SrO
21.98	7.92	7.66	0.40	4.82	4.56	20.78	7.64	0.44	0.09	0.03	0.08
0.39	0.14	3.62	2.85	0.50	30.82	22.64	19.15	0.01	0.09	0.02	0.03
note: V, volatile matters; A, ash; FC, fixed carbon; O (oxygen) was calculated by difference based on dry ash-free base; Q_HHV, higher heating value

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表 2 水热燃料的工业与元素分析

Table 2 Proximate and ultimate analyses of hydrochars derived from HTW and PMW

Sample		Proximate analysis w_d/%			Ultimate analysis w_daf/%					Fuel ratio	Yield w/%
Sample		V	FC	A	C	H	O	N	S	Fuel ratio	Yield w/%
HTW	120 ℃	67.47	17.22	15.31	54.20	6.86	35.77	2.91	0.27	0.26	89.88
	150 ℃	67.85	16.36	15.79	54.62	6.79	35.55	2.83	0.21	0.24	82.97
	180 ℃	65.81	16.04	18.15	57.38	6.88	33.01	2.56	0.17	0.24	69.88
	210 ℃	64.40	15.58	20.02	62.13	7.01	28.20	2.50	0.16	0.24	62.13
	240 ℃	58.38	19.15	22.47	68.60	7.04	21.90	2.30	0.16	0.33	52.81
	270 ℃	47.54	26.35	26.11	75.86	7.15	14.55	2.28	0.16	0.55	37.38
	300 ℃	45.11	27.05	27.84	83.34	6.93	7.36	2.20	0.17	0.60	34.06
PMW	120 ℃	77.54	15.33	7.13	49.14	6.62	36.49	7.18	0.56	0.20	67.51
	150 ℃	76.94	14.35	8.71	50.47	6.69	35.18	7.10	0.56	0.19	60.38
	180 ℃	73.61	15.89	10.50	54.82	6.76	30.79	7.09	0.54	0.22	37.91
	210 ℃	68.24	17.15	14.61	64.01	7.01	21.34	7.10	0.54	0.25	28.36
	240 ℃	63.87	18.94	17.19	68.63	7.14	16.65	7.08	0.51	0.30	23.92
	270 ℃	59.17	21.85	18.98	72.29	7.17	13.10	6.95	0.49	0.37	18.68
	300 ℃	52.20	27.28	20.52	75.38	7.19	10.37	6.62	0.49	0.52	12.79
note: V, volatile matters; A, ash; FC, fixed carbon; O (oxygen) was calculated by difference based on dry ash-free base; fuel ratio was defined as the quotient of FC and V

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表 3 药渣及其水热焦的燃烧阶段和特征温度点

Table 3 Combustion stages and characteristic temperatures of herb wastes and its derived hydrochar

Sample	Temperature range t/℃			Weight loss w/%		Residues w/%	Characteristic temperatures t/℃
Sample	stage A	stage B	stage C	stage B	stage C	Residues w/%	t_i	t_m	t_b
HTW	50-170	170-410	410-575	62.2	23.2	10.2	262	314	570
HTW-120	50-170	170-405	405-580	64.1	23.0	10.5	279	325	588
HTW-150	50-170	170-405	405-580	64.8	21.9	11.3	283	323	580
HTW-180	50-150	170-365	365-580	60.2	27.4	12.8	288	325	590
HTW-210	50-145	170-360	360-580	51.8	33.9	13.0	295	320	585
HTW-240	50-140	170-345	345-580	43.1	42.4	13.3	292	320	580
HTW-270	-	155-330	330-580	20.8	54.9	23.4	305	367	585
HTW-300	-	160-325	325-580	19.6	52.0	27.5	308	360	590
PMW	50-150	150-480	480-660	58.5	31.7	8.5	235	271	645
PMW-120	50-160	160-435	435-640	52.7	36.0	8.8	255	295	660
PMW-150	50-150	150-425	425-650	48.3	40.1	6.6	253	295	650
PMW-180	50-160	160-430	430-665	48.8	41.6	8.4	260	306	665
PMW-210	-	150-400	400-660	41.6	42.6	15.5	270	315	660
PMW-240	-	145-405	405-655	37.2	49.1	13.4	270	322	655
PMW-270	-	145-400	400-665	35.8	50.8	13.1	300	338	665
PMW-300	-	145-390	390-650	20.0	45.8	33.8	350	505	660

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