-
摘要: 以NaH2PO2和Ni2SO4为磷源和镍源,使用一锅法合成了非晶态NiP合金及其碳纳米(乙炔黑和石墨烯)复合催化剂。用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、热重分析(TGA)、电感耦合等离子体光谱仪(ICP)分别对催化剂性能和组成进行了表征和分析。通过线性扫描伏安对催化剂在酸性和碱性条件下的析氢性能进行了评价,研究结果表明,非晶态NiP/还原氧化石墨烯复合催化剂(NiP/RGO)展现出优异的电催化性能。在0.5 mol/L H2SO4中的起始过电位为89.0 mV,塔菲尔斜率为135.1 mV/decade;在1 mol/L NaOH中,起始过电位为116.1 mV,塔菲尔斜率为122.4 mV/decade,这与商业化Pt黑催化剂很接近。500次循环以后,催化剂活性没有明显下降,表明该催化剂具有良好的稳定性。该研究提供了一种简单可行的制备非贵金属磷化物方法用于电催化析氢反应。Abstract: Amorphous alloy NiP and its carbon composite catalysts NiP/C and NiP/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) were successfully one-pot synthesized using NaH2PO2 and NiSO4 as phosphorus and nickel source, respectively. The electrocatalysts were characterized with transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction spectrometer (XRD), inductively coupled plasma analysis (ICP) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG), respectively. The hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) performance of the electrocatalysts was evaluated with a linear sweep voltammetry method in both acidic and alkaline solution. Among them, NiP/RGO elctrocatalyst exhibited 89.0 mV onset overpotential and Tafel slope 135.1 mV/decade in acidic solution, as well as 116.1 mV onset overpotential and Tafel slope 122.4 mV/decade in alkaline solution with excellent long-term stability. Results indicated that the NiP/RGO was a very active catalyst.
-
Key words:
- hydrogen evolution reaction /
- NiP/RGO /
- overpotential /
- Tafel slope
-
Table 1 ICP results of NiP, NiP/RGO and NiP/C composite electrocatalysts
Entry Elements w/% Composition NiP Ni 88.0 Ni80P20 P 12.0 NiP/RGO Ni 87.3 Ni78P22 P 12.7 NiP/C Ni 87.0 Ni78P22 P 13.0 Table 2 HER performance of NiP-based electrocatalysts in acidic and basic solution
Electrolyte Overpotential (mV) Pure NiP NiP/C-20% NiP/C-80% NiP/RGO Pt black Acidic condition Onset overpotential (mV) 149.8 54.8 112.8 89.0 2.0 Overpotential (mV)100 mA·cm-2 733.0 403.8 473.8 471.8 99.4 Tafel slope (mV/decade) 279.8 85.1 84.6 135.1 51.2 Basic condition Onset overpotential (mV) 330.0 185.1 185.2 116.1 29.0 Overpotential (mV)100 mA·cm-2 753.1 506.2 505.6 475.0 352.1 Tafel slope (mV/decade) 249.1 177.1 177.1 122.4 105.1 -
[1] DUNN S. Hydrogen futures:Toward a sustainable energy system[J]. Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2002, 27(3):235-264. doi: 10.1016/S0360-3199(01)00131-8 [2] NEJAT V T, SUEMER S. 21st Century's energy:Hydrogen energy system[J]. Energy Convers Manage, 2008, 49(7):1820-1831. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.08.015 [3] SHERIF S A, BARBIR F, VEZIROGLU T N. Wind energy and the hydrogen economy-review of the technology[J]. Sol Energy, 2005, 78(5):647-660. doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2005.01.002 [4] EFTEKHARI A. Electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 42(16):11053-11077. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.02.125 [5] WANG J, XU F, JIN H, CHEN Y, WANG Y. Non-noble metal-based carbon composites in hydrogen evolution reaction:Fundamentals to applications[J]. Adv Mater, 2017, 29(14):1605838. doi: 10.1002/adma.v29.14 [6] ZHENG Y, JIAO Y, ZHU Y, LI L, HAN Y, CHEN Y, DU A, JARONIEC M, QIAO S. Hydrogen evolution by a metal-free electrocatalyst[J]. Nat Commun, 2014, 5(4):3783. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/70605/ [7] POPCZUN E J, MCKONE J R, READ C G, BIACCHI A J, WILTROUT A M, LEWIS N S, SCHAAK R E. Nanostructured nickel phosphide as an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 2013, 135(25):9267-9270. doi: 10.1021/ja403440e [8] XIAO P, CHEN W, WANG X. A review of phosphide-based materials for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution[J]. Adv Energy Mater, 2015, 5(24):1500985. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201500985 [9] SHI Y, ZHANG B. Recent advances in transition metal phosphide nanomaterials:Synthesis and applications in hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. Chem Soc Rev, 2016, 25(6):1529-1541. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26806563 [10] ANDARAARACHCHI H P, THOMPSON M J, WHITE M A, FAN H, VELA J. Phase-programmed nanofabrication:Effect of organophosphite precursor reactivity on the evolution of nickel and nickel phosphide nanocrystals[J]. Chem Mater, 2015, 27(23):8021-8031. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b03506 [11] LI D, SENEVIRATHNE K, AQUILINA L, BROCK S L. Effect of synthetic levers on nickel phosphide nanoparticle formation:Ni5P4 and NiP2[J]. Inorg Chem, 2015, 54(16):7968-7975. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01125 [12] PAN Y, LIU Y, ZHAO J, YANG K, LIANG J, LIU D, HU W, LIU D, LIU Y, LIU C. Monodispersed nickel phosphide nanocrystals with different phases:Synthesis, characterization and electrocatalytic properties for hydrogen evolution[J]. J Mater Chem A, 2015, 3(4):1656-1665. doi: 10.1039/C4TA04867A [13] PAN Y, HU W, LIU D, LIU Y, LIU C. Carbon nanotubes decorated with nickel phosphide nanoparticles as efficient nanohybrid electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. J Mater Chem A, 2015, 3(24):13087-13094. doi: 10.1039/C5TA02128F [14] PAN Y, LIU Y, LIU C. Nanostructured nickel phosphide supported on carbon nanospheres:Synthesis and application as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution[J]. J Power Sources, 2015, 285:169-177. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.03.097 [15] LIN Y, ZHANG J, PAN Y, LIU Y. Nickel phosphide nanoparticles decorated nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped porous carbon as efficient hybrid catalyst for hydrogen evolution[J]. Appl Surf Sci, 2017, 422:828-837. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.06.102 [16] PAN Y, YANG N, CHEN Y, LIN Y, LI Y, LIU Y, LIU C. Nickel phosphide nanoparticles nitrogen-doped graphene hybrid as an efficient catalyst for enhanced hydrogen evolution activity[J]. J Power Sources, 2015, 297:45-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.07.077 [17] WANG P, PU Z, LI Y, WU L, TU Z, JIANG M, KOU Z, SAANA AMⅡNU I, MU S. Iron-doped nickel phosphide nanosheet arrays:an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2017, 9(31):26001-26007. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b06305 [18] OYAMA S T. Novel catalysts for advanced hydroprocessing:transition metal phosphides[J]. J Catal, 2003, 216(1):343-352. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021951702000696 [19] SAWHILL S J, PHILLIPS D C, BUSSELL M E. Thiophene hydrodesulfurization over supported nickel phosphide catalysts[J]. J Catal, 2003, 215(2):208-219. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9517(03)00018-6 [20] OYAMA S T, LEE Y. The active site of nickel phosphide catalysts for the hydrodesulfurization of 4, 6-DMDBT[J]. J Catal, 2008, 258(2):393-400. doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2008.06.023 [21] MERKI D, HU X. Recent developments of molybdenum and tungsten sulfides as hydrogen evolution catalysts[J]. Energy Environ Sci, 2011, 4(10):3878-3888. doi: 10.1039/c1ee01970h [22] PRINS R, DE BEER V H J, SOMORJAI G A. Structure and function of the fatalyst and the promoter in Co-Mo hydrodesulfurization catalysts[J]. Catal Rev, 1989, 31(1/2):1-41. https://www.narcis.nl/publication/RecordID/oai:library.tue.nl:620424 [23] MA Q, SONG J, JIN C, LI Z, LIU J, MENG S, ZHAO J, GUO Y. A rapid and easy approach for the reduction of graphene oxide by formamidinesulfinic acid[J]. Carbon, 2013, 54(8):36-41. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008622312008809 [24] WAN L, ZHANG J, CHEN Y, ZHONG C, HU W, DENG Y. Nickel phosphide nanosphere:A high-performance and cost-effective catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41(45):20515-20522. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.08.146 [25] YANG L, WU X, ZHU X, HE C, MENG GAN Z, CHU P K. Amorphous nickel/cobalt tungsten sulfide electrocatalysts for high-efficiency hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. Appl Surf Sci, 2015, 341:149-156. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.03.018