Improvement of stability of nano-SiO2/HPAM/SDS dispersion systems and its effect on oil displacement performances
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摘要: 分析了60℃、1.0×104 mg/L氯化钠盐水和模拟地层水中纳米SiO2/HPAM/SDS分散体系的浊度实验及Zeta电位,发现Ca2+、Mg2+离子是体系失去稳定性的主要原因。根据沉降实验及Zeta电位分析仪探讨了降低pH值和添加络合剂对模拟地层水中纳米SiO2/HPAM/SDS体系稳定性的改善效果及机理,同时利用流变仪及界面张力仪分析了两种方法对体系驱油性能的影响。结果表明,pH值降低,体系的Zeta电位绝对值降低,但SiO2周围H+保护层的形成及水化作用力的增强改善了体系的稳定性;络合剂Na2EDTA、ATMP和Na4EDTA均能增强体系的稳定性,Na2EDTA和ATMP络合Ca2+、Mg2+的同时降低了体系的pH值,而体系的黏度随pH值的降低急剧下降;Na4EDTA加入后,体系的pH值增大,稳定配位化合物的形成使体系的Zeta电位绝对值、黏度、储能模量和损耗模量增加,降低界面张力的能力增强。因此,在SiO2质量分数为0.5%的体系中加入质量分数为0.4%的Na4EDTA(最佳质量分数),采收率提高了3.1%。Abstract: The turbidity and Zeta potential experiments of nano-SiO2/HPAM/SDS dispersion systems at 60 ℃, 1.0×104 mg/L NaCl brine and simulated formation water were first investigated and the results indicated that Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions were responsible for the instability of dispersion system. Then, the methods of reducing pH value and adding chelating agents were used to improve the stability of nano-SiO2/HPAM/SDS dispersion system in simulated formation water, and the improvement effects and mechanisms were discussed based on sedimentation experiments and Zetasizer. The influences of these two methods on the oil displacement performances of dispersion system were analyzed by rheometer and interfacial tensiometer. The experimental results suggested that with the decrease of pH value, the stability of dispersion system was enhanced by the protection of H+ in the SiO2 double electric layer and the enhancement of hydration forces between particles although the absolute value of Zeta potential(|ζ|) of dispersion system decreased. All of the chelating agents including Na2EDTA, ATMP and Na4EDTA can improve the stability of dispersion system. Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions were complexed and pH value of dispersion system was decreased with the addition of Na2EDTA and ATMP, however, the decrease of pH value resulted in a sharp deterioration in the viscosity of dispersion systems. With the addition of Na4EDTA, the pH value of dispersion systems increased. The|ζ|, viscosity, storage modulus and loss modulus of dispersion systems all increased, which were benefited from the formation of stable complexes between Na4EDTA, and Ca2+ and Mg2+. Meanwhile, the ability of dispersion system to reduce oil and water interfacial tension was enhanced. Thus, after addition of Na4EDTA with mass ratio of 0.4% (optimal mass ratio)in dispersion system with nano-SiO2 mass ratio of 0.5%, the oil recovery was increased by 3.1%.
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Key words:
- nano-SiO2 /
- pH value /
- chelating agents /
- stability /
- oil displacement performance
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表 1 纳米SiO2/HPAM/SDS分散体系的Zeta电位
Table 1 Zeta potential of nano-SiO2/HPAM/SDS dispersion systems
w (SiO2)/% 0.2 0.5 1.0 1.5 Formation water -29.7 -24.2 -21.1 -18.8 NaCl solution -45.3 -39.1 -37.6 -33.5 表 2 岩心参数及各阶段采收率
Table 2 Physical parameters of core samples and oil recovery at each production stage
Pore volume V/mL Permeability /(10-3 μm2) Original oil saturation /% Chemical formula Recovery /% water flood recovery tertiary recovery final recovery 11.0 1358.0 76.4 SiO2/HPAM/SDS 41.0 23.9 64.9 10.8 1345.0 77.2 SiO2/HPAM/SDS + Na4EDTA 40.8 27.0 67.8 -
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