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摘要: 实验探究NaOH、Na2CO3、NaHCO3这三种常见的碱基物质在模拟燃煤烟气中的实际表现，发现三种碱基物质均具有一定的脱氯性能，NaOH、Na2CO3、NaHCO3的脱氯性能依次下降，以脱氯效率70%为目标，使用三种碱基物质Na/Cl比分别需要达到5.8、7.1、8.7。高浓度SO2的存在对烟气脱氯有竞争作用，随着SO2浓度的提高，脱氯效率线性下降，不同碱基物质下，SO2浓度对脱氯效率的影响规律基本一致，SO2浓度每增加100 mg/m3，脱氯效率下降约1.4%。由于三种碱基物质达到相同脱氯效率时的Na/Cl比不同，综合考虑成本和溶解性，NaOH最具工业应用价值。Abstract: Three common alkali-based materials, NaOH, Na2CO3 and NaHCO3, were utilized to explore their dechlorination performance in a simulated coal-fired flue gas. The results show that the dechlorination efficiency increases along with the enhancement of alkaline intensity. As the Na/Cl molar ratio reaches 5.8, 7.1 and 8.7, respectively, the dechlorination efficiency of all the three alkalis (NaOH, Na2CO3 or NaHCO3) exceeds 70%. The SO2 of high concentration in flue gas has competitive effects on dechlorination. With the increase in SO2 concentration, the dechlorination efficiency drops linearly. The influence of SO2 concentration on the dechlorination efficiency is almost identical regardless of different alkali-based materials. For per 100 mg/m3 augment in SO2 concentration, the dechlorination efficiency decreases by about 1.4%. NaOH is determined to be the most valuable alkali-based material for industrial application considering the cost and solubility.
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Key words:
- coal-fired flue gas /
- dechlorination /
- zero discharge of desulfurization wastewater /
- NaOH /
- Na2CO3 /
- NaHCO3
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表 1 烟气中酸性气体的性质
Table 1 Properties of acid gases in flue gas
SO2 SO3 HCl HF CO2 Activity medium strong strong weak weak Concentration high low low low high Dissolubility low high high high high 
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表 2 燃煤机组空预器后烟气组分
Table 2 Composition of flue gas
Composition CO2 φ/% O2 φ/% SO2/(mg·m-3) SO3/(μL·L-1) HCl/(μL·L-1) HF/(μL·L-1) Concentration 14.0 3.0 2285.7 9.0 33.5 28.4 φ: volume fraction
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表 3 不同碱基物质的成本
Table 3 Cost of different alkali-based materials
Alkali-based
materialsMarket
average
price
(yuan/ton)Na/Cl
at 70%
dechlorination
efficiencyPrice of
removing
1 mol
HCl(yuan)NaOH 4500 5.8 1.04 Na2CO3 2400 7.1 1.69 NaHCO3 1700 8.7 3.29
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表 4 不同碱基物质的溶解性
Table 4 Dissolubility of different alkali-based materials
Temperature t/℃ 0 10 20 30 40 NaOH dissolubility /(g·100 mL-1) 42 51 109 119 129 saturation concentration/% 29.6 33.8 52.2 54.3 56.3 Na2CO3 dissolubility /(g·100 mL-1) 7 12.5 21.5 39.7 49 saturation concentration/% 6.5 11.1 17.7 28.4 32.9 NaHCO3 dissolubility /(g·100 mL-1) 6.9 8.2 9.6 11.1 12.7 saturation concentration/% 6.5 7.6 8.8 10.0 11.3
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