生活垃圾流化床热处置中重金属迁移分布研究

董隽; 池涌; 汤元君; 倪明江; 黄群星; 周昭志

生活垃圾流化床热处置中重金属迁移分布研究

浙江大学能源清洁利用国家重点实验室, 浙江杭州 310027

基金项目:

国家重点基础研究发展规划 2011CB201506

详细信息

通讯作者:
池涌, Tel:0571-87952687, Fax:0571-87952438, E-mail:chiyong@zju.edu.cn

中图分类号: X705
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-07-01
- 修回日期: 2015-09-03
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-23
- 刊出日期: 2016-01-01

Fate of heavy metals during fluidized-bed thermal treatment of municipal solid waste

State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

Funds:

The project was supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China 2011CB201506

More Information

Corresponding author: CHI Yong, Tel:0571-87952687, Fax:0571-87952438, E-mail:chiyong@zju.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 在流化床实验装置上研究模拟生活垃圾热解、气化、焚烧等热处置过程中重金属Cd、Pb、Zn及Cu的迁移转化, 分析氧化还原气氛及温度对重金属挥发特性的影响。结果表明, 高温及还原性条件促进了Cd、Pb及Zn的挥发; 而氧化性气氛有利于Cu的迁移。热力学平衡模拟结果表明, 金属在氧化和还原气氛下的转化途径不同。在还原性气氛下, 金属主要以元素态单质或硫化物的形式存在, 其熔沸点高低决定了金属挥发程度。反之, CuCl₃等氯化物的生成促进了Cu在氧化性气氛下的挥发。金属基反应在氧化性气氛下得到加强, 提高了Cd、Pb及Zn向气相产物转化的起始温度。进一步考察重金属在不同组分的分布及富集规律, 大部分以气相形式挥发的重金属易在降温过程中冷凝并富集于飞灰。气流夹带亦是导致重金属迁移的重要原因, 流化床的高气速特性对重金属分布有显著影响。
- 重金属 /
- 生活垃圾 /
- 流化床 /
- 氧化还原气氛 /
- 迁移分布
Abstract: Municipal solid waste pyrolysis, gasification and incineration experiments were conducted in a fluidized bed reactor to investigate the effect of redox atmosphere and temperature on the fate of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu). The results show that higher temperature and reductive atmosphere are effective for the evaporation of Cd, Pb and Zn; while the oxidative condition favors the migration of Cu. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculation confirms that the metal species differ a lot under redox conditions. Metals are mainly existed as elemental forms or sulfide under reductive atmosphere; and their volatility depends on the metal boiling point dominantly. On the contrary, the formation of metal chlorides such as CuCl₃ increases the volatilization of Cu in an oxidative atmosphere. Besides, the evaporation of Cd, Pb and Zn is postponed under oxidative condition due to the metal-matrix reactions. The distribution of heavy metals in different fractions was further examined. The majority of the vaporized metals are condensed and enriched in the fly ash upon cooling. Entrainment also poses a significant influence on the migration of metals, which is determined by the characteristics of high gas velocity used in fluidized bed.
- heavy metals /
- municipal solid waste /
- fluidized bed /
- redox atmosphere /
- distribution

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图 1 实验装置示意图

Figure 1 Fluidized bed reactor

1: screw feeder; 2: furnace; 3: thermocouples; 4: controller; 5: cyclone; 6: induced draft fan

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图 2 烟气重金属采样装置示意图

Figure 2 Sampling device of heavy metal in flue gas

1: glass fiber filter and heating tape; 2: 5%HNO₃+10%H₂O₂ absorption solution; 3: silica gel; 4: rotor flow meter; 5: vacuum pump; 6: accumulative flow meter

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图 3 模拟生活垃圾热处置系统的热力学平衡模拟计算原理图

Figure 3 Thermodynamic equilibrium calculation system in simulated-MSW incinerator

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图 4 温度及氧化还原气氛对重金属迁移分布特性的影响

Figure 4 Effect of temperature and redox atmosphere on the transfer of heavy metals

ER: equivalence ratio; ER=0(□), 0.4(●), 1.2(▲) represents pyrolysis, gasification, incineration, respectively; error bar represents the standard error (n=3)

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图 5 重金属在不同温度及氧化还原条件下的热力学平衡模拟

Figure 5 Thermodynamic equilibrium simulation of heavy metals under different temperature and redox atmosphere

ER: equivalence ratio; ER=0 and 1.2 represents pyrolysis and incineration, respectively

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图 6 重金属在不同组分中的分布

Figure 6 Distribution of metals in different fractions 0, 0.4, 1.2 represents equivalence ratio of pyrolysis, gasification, incineration, respectively

(a): 550 ℃; (b): 650 ℃; (c): 750 ℃; (d): 850 ℃ : filter fly ash; : cyclone fly ash; : bottom ash

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图 7 重金属在不同组分中的相对富集程度

Figure 7 Enrichment of heavy metals in different fractions

: bottom ash; : cyclone fly ash; : filter fly ash

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表 1 模拟生活垃圾组分及特性

Table 1 Components and characteristics of simulated-MSW

Component	Rice	Cabbage		Cardboard		PE	PVC	Wood	Fabric	Tire
Content w_ar /%	29	29		13		17	3	5	2	2
Ultimate analysis w_ad/%						Proximate analysis w_ad/%			Calorific value Q/(MJ·kg^-1)
C	H	O	N	S	Cl	V	M	A	Calorific value Q/(MJ·kg^-1)
48.4	6.3	29.2	0.8	0.3	1.6	73.8	9.2	4.2	22.5

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