Effect of swelling treatment by ionic liquid on the structure and pyrolysis performance of the direct coal liquefaction residue
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摘要: 采用四种相同阴离子不同有机链长阳离子的离子液体（[EMIM][MeSO4]、[BMIM][MeSO4]、[HMIM][MeSO4]和[OMIM][MeSO4]）对煤直接液化残渣（DCLR）进行溶胀处理，通过SEM、FT-IR和TG-DTG表征，分析了各离子液体溶胀对煤直接液化残渣溶胀效果、表面形貌、官能团分布、主体结构和热解性能的影响。溶胀结果表明，不同链长离子液体对煤直接液化残渣具有不同的溶胀效果，[HMIM][MeSO4]对残渣溶胀效果最好，其溶胀度高达1.78。FT-IR表明，不同链长离子液体会不同程度地破坏煤中C-H键，使得脂肪族和芳香族类化合物的相对含量有所差异。由TG-DTG可知，不同链长离子液体溶胀对残渣热解性能的影响具有较大差异，其中，以离子液体[OMIM][MeSO4]溶胀对残渣的热解最为有利，失重率高达47.5%；而离子液体[BMIM][MeSO4]溶胀在一定程度上抑制了残渣的热解，其失重率低于未经溶胀处理的残渣。基于Coats-Redfern法的热解动力学分析表明，煤直接液化残渣及其溶胀残渣在低温段（180-480 ℃）的热解过程均符合二级反应动力学，高温段（480-825 ℃）均以三级和四级反应动力学为宜。另外，不同链长离子液体溶胀处理明显改变了残渣的热解活化能，其链越长残渣的热解活化能越高。Abstract: Direct coal liquefaction residue (DCLR) was swelled by four kinds of ionic liquids with the same anion and different organic chain length cations, [EMIM] [MeSO4], [BMIM] [MeSO4], [HMIM] [MeSO4] and[OMIM] [MeSO4], and the effects of swelling treatment with ionic liquids on swelling degree, surface morphology, functional group distribution, the main structure and pyrolysis performance of the direct coal liquefaction residue were analyzed by SEM, FT-IR and TG-DTG characterizations. The swelling results show that different chain length ionic liquid has different swelling degrees for the DCLR, and[HMIM] [MeSO4] presents the best swelling effect with the swelling degree of 1.78. The FT-IR results indicate that the ionic liquid could destroy C-H bond in DCLR, leading to a change in relative content of aliphatic and aromatic compounds. The TG-DTG characterization demonstrates that the pyrolysis performance of the residue is greatly affected by the different organic chain length ionic liquid. And the[OMIM] [MeSO4] ionic liquid is more favorable for the pyrolysis of the residue than others, with the weight loss rate of 47.5%. However, the pyrolysis performance of the residue is restrained by the[BMIM] [MeSO4] ionic liquid, in which the weight loss rate is lower than that of DCLR (without swelling treatment). The pyrolysis kinetic data based on Coats-Redfern method show that the pyrolysis reaction for the direct coal liquid residue and the swelled ones at low temperature (180-480 ℃) obeys a second order law, while the third and fourth order law of reaction is more suitable for the residue pyrolysis at high temperature section (480-825 ℃). In addition, the activation energy of the pyrolysis process for the DCLR is altered obviously by swelling treatment with different organic length ionic liquid, the longer the chain length, the higher the pyrolysis activation energy.
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Key words:
- direct coal liquefaction residue /
- swelling treatment /
- ionic liquid /
- pyrolysis
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图 1 离子液体对残渣的溶胀效果
Figure 1 Effect of ionic liquids on the swelling performance of the residues
图 2 离子液体溶胀残渣样品的SEM照片
Figure 2 SEM images of the residues swelled by different ionic liquids
图 3 不同链长离子液体溶胀样品的FT-IR谱图
Figure 3 FT-IR spectra of ionic liquid swelling samples with different chain length
图 4 3100-3600 cm-1五种残渣样的红外分峰谱图
Figure 4 FT-IR curve-fitting results of the residue samples (3100-3600 cm-1)
图 5 2800-3000 cm-1五种残渣样的红外分峰谱图
Figure 5 FT-IR curve-fitting results of the residue samples (2800-3000 cm-1)
图 6 1000-1800 cm-1五种残渣样的红外分峰谱图
Figure 6 FT-IR curve-fitting results of the residue samples (1000-1800 cm-1)
图 7 700-900 cm-1五种残渣样的红外分峰谱图
Figure 7 FT-IR curve-fitting results of the residue samples (700-900 cm-1)
图 9 残渣热解转化率-温度关系图
Figure 9 Effect of temperature on pyrolysis conversion of residue samples
图 10 残渣样热解动力学拟合图(n=1)
Figure 10 Fitting results of pyrolysis kinetics of residual samples (n=1)
图 11 残渣样热解动力学拟合图(n=2)
Figure 11 Fitting results of pyrolysis kinetics of residual samples (n=2)
图 12 残渣样热解动力学拟合图(n=3)
Figure 12 Fitting results of pyrolysis kinetics of residual samples (n=3)
图 13 残渣样热解动力学拟合图(n=4)
Figure 13 Fitting results of pyrolysis kinetics of residual samples (n=4)
表 1 残渣样的工业分析与元素分析
Table 1 Proximate and ultimate analyses of the residue samples
Sample Proximate analysis w/% Ultimate analysis wdaf/% Atomic ratio Mad Ad Vdaf FCdaf C H N S O* H/C O/C RDCLR 0.07 16.36 47.40 52.60 65.85 4.28 0.49 0.31 28.62 0.78 0.33 DCLR 3.14 1.99 40.01 59.99 69.66 4.07 1.74 0.24 24.29 0.70 0.26 *: by difference 
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表 2 残渣样的元素分析
Table 2 Ultimate analysis of the residue samples
Sample ILs Ultimate analysis wdaf/% Atomic ratio C H N S O* H/C O/C DCLR without ILs 69.66 4.07 1.74 0.24 24.29 0.70 0.26 E-DCLR [EMIM][MeSO4] 73.12 4.43 1.41 1.03 20.01 0.73 0.21 B-DCLR [BMIM][MeSO4] 71.19 4.60 2.15 2.12 19.94 0.78 0.21 H-DCLR [HMIM][MeSO4] 69.72 4.91 2.83 2.77 19.77 0.85 0.21 O-DCLR [OMIM][MeSO4] 70.57 5.23 3.02 2.48 18.7 0.89 0.20 *: by difference
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表 3 五种残渣样各官能团的相对含量
Table 3 Relative content change of functional groups for five residue samples
Band position/cm-1 Functional groups Area percentage/% DCLR E-DCLR B-DCLR H-DCLR O-DCLR 3600-3500 OH -π 29.39 30.93 29.66 32.39 30.17 3500-3350 self-associated OH 43.84 44.64 40.60 41.70 41.03 3350-3260 OH-ether O 17.01 14.91 19.27 16.43 18.81 3260-3170 cyclic OH 9.76 9.53 10.47 9.48 9.98 2950 aliphatic -CH3 13.64 14.39 18.58 20.35 15.49 2920 asymmetric aliphatic -CH2 41.35 39.95 38.58 37.16 39.32 2890 aliphatic -CH 18.74 18.51 17.56 15.23 16.02 2850 symmetric aliphatic -CH2 26.27 27.14 25.23 27.26 29.17 1690 carboxylic acids C=O 10.69 11.00 11.61 10.78 10.34 1610 conjugated C=O 23.24 23.93 22.04 19.58 20.08 1560 aromatic C=C 10.37 8.95 10.02 10.62 12.56 1440 asymmetric CH3-, CH2- 12.60 14.15 13.58 13.76 13.91 1350 CH3-Ar, R 11.15 9.66 8.44 8.43 8.56 1245 symmetric deformation -CH3 13.60 13.26 14.38 16.70 15.02 1165 C-O phenols 12.65 13.39 14.90 16.57 14.90 1090 grease C-O 5.70 5.66 5.02 3.54 4.61 900-860 five adjacent H deformation 12.51 14.67 9.19 8.07 9.17 860-810 four adjacent H deformations 30.89 25.94 15.74 12.65 13.60 810-750 three adjacent H deformations 54.23 55.67 57.57 56.35 55.06 750-720 two adjacent H deformations 2.37 3.72 17.50 22.91 22.17
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表 4 不同反应级数五种残渣样热解动力学参数计算
Table 4 Pyrolysis kinetic parameters of five residue simples with different reaction orders
t /℃ Sample Reaction order Regression equation Correlation coefficient R2 Activation energy E/(kJ·mol-1) Pre-exponential factor A/min-1 2RT/E 180-480 DCLR 1 y=-1097.24x-12.16 0.9243 9.122 0.057 0.328 2 y=-1463.48x-11.36 0.9064 12.167 0.170 0.246 3 y=-1876.53x-10.47 0.8862 15.601 0.530 0.192 4 y=-2337.95x-9.49 0.8684 19.438 1.769 0.154 E-DCLR 1 y=-1388.49x-11.84 0.9261 11.544 0.100 0.259 2 y=-1760.23x-11.05 0.8960 14.635 0.278 0.205 3 y=-2173.02x-10.19 0.8687 18.067 0.818 0.166 4 y=-2633.28x-9.23 0.8461 21.893 2.584 0.137 B-DCLR 1 y=-1491.20x-11.70 0.9370 12.398 0.124 0.241 2 y=-1860.17x-10.92 0.9068 15.465 0.335 0.194 3 y=-2274.60x-10.06 0.8791 18.911 0.975 0.158 4 y=-2736.40x-9.10 0.8556 22.750 3.058 0.132 H-DCLR 1 y=-2708.64x-9.37 0.9777 22.520 2.301 0.133 2 y=-3420.85x-7.92 0.9782 28.441 12.415 0.105 3 y=-4238.92x-6.26 0.9683 35.242 80.794 0.085 4 y=-5165.57x-4.39 0.9548 42.947 638.234 0.070 O-DCLR 1 y=-3236.81x-8.55 0.9758 26.911 6.281 0.111 2 y=-3227.63x-8.56 0.9758 26.834 6.158 0.112 3 y=-4835.02x-5.36 0.9837 40.198 237.540 0.074 4 y= -5808.69x-3.36 0.9745 48.293 2.014×103 0.062 480-825 DCLR 1 y=-1410.38x-11.52 0.9994 11.726 0.140 0.681 2 y=-5248.67x-6.19 0.9718 43.637 107.804 0.183 3 y=-10345.16x+0.79 0.9598 86.010 2.271×105 0.093 4 y=-15983.85x+8.51 0.9578 132.890 7.927×108 0.060 E-DCLR 1 y=-1281.88x-11.66 0.9956 10.658 0.110 0.749 2 y=-4948.00x-6.50 0.9734 41.146 72.412 0.194 3 y=-9815.51x+0.18 0.9620 81.606 1.178×105 0.098 4 y=-15206.24x+7.62 0.9602 126.425 3.100×108 0.063 B-DCLR 1 y=-1349.50x-11.57 0.9966 11.220 0.127 0.711 2 y=-5164.70x-6.25 0.9721 42.939 99.295 0.186 3 y=-10231.48x+0.70 0.9605 85.064 2.070×105 0.094 4 y=-15832.19x+8.40 0.9587 131.629 7.073×108 0.061 H-DCLR 1 y=-805.92x-11.96 0.9905 6.700 0.051 1.191 2 y=-4872.61x-6.10 0.9571 40.511 108.994 0.197 3 y=-10282.43x+1.58 0.9523 85.488 4.998×105 0.093 4 y=-16139.78x+9.94 0.9537 134.186 3.359×109 0.059 O-DCLR 1 y=-747.35x-12.02 0.9909 6.213 0.045 1.285 2 y=-749.45x-12.01 0.9901 6.231 0.045 1.281 3 y=-10092.79x+1.41 0.9538 83.911 4.122×105 0.095 4 y=-15866.43x+9.69 0.9552 131.914 2.571×109 0.061
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