Effects of activation methods on the activation of natural aluminosilicate minerals and zeolite synthesis
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摘要: 选取了高岭土、累托土、蒙脱土和伊利石四种天然硅铝矿物，采用热活化、碱熔活化、亚熔盐活化及拟固相活化四种方法对上述四种矿物分别进行活化，对比了不同活化方法对天然硅铝矿物活化效果的影响。结果表明，亚熔盐活化及拟固相活化都具有良好的活化效果，而且能耗较低，明显优于热活化和碱熔活化。其中，拟固相活化由于能耗更低且更有利于实现工业操作，因此，是最具发展前景的天然硅铝矿物活化方法。对比四种天然硅铝矿物，高岭土、累托土及蒙脱土的晶相结构更容易被解聚，而伊利石稳定性更高，经亚熔盐活化及拟固相活化后，活化产物中也只有极少量的高反应活性的硅、铝物种，因此，伊利石不是理想的分子筛合成原料。Abstract: Four natural aluminosilicate minerals including kaolin, rectorite, montmorillonite and illite were activated by thermal activation, alkali fusion activation, sub-molten salt activation and quasi-solid-phase activation method, respectively. Comparing the activation effects of the four methods, it is found that both sub-molten salt method and quasi-solid-phase method present better activation effect at lower energy consumption, which are obviously superior to the other two activation methods. The quasi-solid-phase activation method is the most promising method for activating the natural aluminosilicate minerals due to its much lower energy consumption and more feasible industrial operation. Comparatively, the framework structure of kaolinite rectorite and montmorillonite are relatively more easily to be depolymerized, the structure of illite is much stable, after being sub-molten salt activated and quasi-solid-phase activated, the resulted illite has little active SiO2 and Al2O3 which can be used to synthesize zeolites due to their high chemical reactivity. Therefore, different from the other three natural aluminosilicate minerals, illite is not an ideal raw material for zeolite synthesis.
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图 1 高岭土(a)、累托土(b)、蒙脱土(c)和伊利石(d)的TG-DSC曲线
Figure 1 TG-DSC curves of kaolin (a), rectorite (b), montmorillonite (c) and illite (d)
图 2 活化前后高岭土、累托土、蒙脱土和伊利石的SEM照片
Figure 2 SEM images of kaolin, rectorite, montmorillonite and illite before or after being activated
图 3 活化前后高岭土(a)、累托土(b)、蒙脱土(c)和伊利石(d)的XRD谱图
Figure 3 XRD patterns of kaolin (a), rectorite (b), montmorillonite (c) and illite (d) before or after being activated
图 4 高岭土、累托土、蒙脱土和伊利石原土及其拟固相活化产物的Si 2p(a)、Al 2p(b)和O 1s(c) XPS谱图
Figure 4 Si 2p (a), Al 2p (b) and O 1s (c) XPS spectra of kaolin, rectorite, montmorillonite, illite and their QSP-activated samples
图 5 天然矿物原土及拟固相活化产物的29Si NMR和27Al NMR谱图
Figure 5 29Si NMR and 27Al NMR spectra of natural minerals and their QSP-activated samples
29Si NMR spectra of kaolin (a), rectorite (c), montmorillonite (e), illites (g);
27Al NMR spectra of kaolin (b), rectorite (d), montmorillonite (f), illites (h)
图 6 不同活化方式所得活化高岭土中活性铝硅的含量
Figure 6 Contents of active Al2O3 and SiO2 of kaolin after being activated via different methods
图 7 拟固相活化高岭土、累托土、蒙脱土和伊利石中活性铝硅的含量
Figure 7 Contents of active Al2O3 and SiO2 of kaolin, rectorite, montmorillonite and illite after being QSP activated
图 8 以不同拟固相活化天然硅铝矿物为原料所得合成产物的XRD谱图
Figure 8 XRD patterns of the samples from different QSP-activated aluminosilicate minerals(S-QSP-KAO, S-QSP-REC, S-QSP-MMT-1 and S-QSP-ILL-1 are the samples obtained without supplemental alumina sources; S-QSP-MMT-2 and S-QSP-ILL-2 are the samples obtained with supplemental alumina sources)
表 1 不同天然硅铝矿物的化学组成
Table 1 Chemical composition of the different natural aluminosilicate minerals
Natural mineral Component w/% SiO2/Al2O3
(molar ratio)Na2O MgO Al2O3 SiO2 P2O5 K2O CaO TiO2 Fe2O3 KAO 0.3 0.1 44.2 52.7 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.3 2.03 REC 1.8 0.6 39.0 48.5 0.3 0.8 0.8 2.4 2.2 2.11 MMT 0.1 0.4 40.1 55.8 0.04 2.3 - - 1.1 2.37 ILL 1.6 0.3 20.8 72.9 0.03 3.7 - - 0.6 5.96 
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