Microwave-assisted catalytic oxidative desulfurization of gasoil fuel using synthesized CuO-ZnO nanocomposites
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Abstract: Recently, organosulfur removal from liquid petroleum fuels is very significant aspect of environment protecting and fuel cell requests. Therefore, improved approaches to remove sulfur are still essential. In the present work, a simple catalytic oxidative desulfurization (CODS) system for Iraqi gasoil fraction has been successfully developed using CuO-ZnO nanocomposites as catalysts, and H2O2 as oxidant under microwave irradiation. The main reaction parameters influencing sulfur conversion including microwave power, irradiation time, catalyst dosage and H2O2 to gasoil volume ratio have been investigated. The CuO-ZnO nanocomposites was synthesized with different weight ratios and characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, AFM and BET surface area methods. The results reveal that, high sulfur conversion (93%) has been achieved under suitable conditions of microwave CODS as follows:microwave power of 540 W, irradiation time of 15 min, catalyst dosage of 8 g/L (0.4 g), and H2O2:gasoil volume ratio of 0.3. The catalyst reusability shows that the synthesized catalyst can be reused five times without an important loss in its activity.
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Key words:
- microwave /
- oxidative desulfurization /
- nanocomposites /
- catalyst /
- gasoil
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Figure 2 X-ray powder diffraction patterns of catalysts
a: ZnO; b: CuO; c: CuO-ZnO (2:1); d: CuO-ZnO (1:2); e: CuO-ZnO (1:1)
Figure 3 FE-SEM images of catalysts
(a): ZnO; (b): CuO; (c): CuO-ZnO (2:1); (d): CuO-ZnO (1:2)
Figure 4 Microwave-assisted CODS of gasoil fraction using prepared catalysts
(CuO-ZnO with different weight ratio, ZnO and CuO) (experimental conditions: catalyst dosage=8g/L (0.4 g), H2O2:gasoil volume ratio=0.3, gasoil volume=50mL, microwave power level=540W and irradiation time=15min)
Figure 5 Effect of microwave power and irradiation time on sulfur conversion
(experimental conditions: 50mL of gasoil volume, 8g/L of catalyst dosage and H2O2:gasoil volume ratio of 0.3)
Figure 6 Effect of catalyst dosage on the sulfur conversion
(experimental conditions: gasoil volume of 50mL, microwave power of 540W and H2O2:gasoil volume ratio of 0.3)
Figure 7 Effect of H2O2:gasoil volume ratio on the sulfur conversion of gasoil
(experimental conditions: gasoil volume of 50mL, microwave power of 450W, irradiation time of 15min and catalyst dosage of 8g/L)
Figure 8 CuO-ZnO nanocomposite recyclability results
(experimental conditions: gasoil volume of 50mL, microwave power of 540W, irradiation time of 15min, catalyst dosage of 8g/L and H2O2:gasoil volume ratio of 0.3)
Table 1 General characteristics of light gasoil fraction
Property Value Sulfur w/% 1.01 SG @ 15.6℃ 0.826 Flash point t/℃ 68 Distillation t/℃ IBP 184 5% 216 10% 230 20% 250 30% 262 40% 272 50% 280 60% 286 70% 294 80% 302 90% 310 95% 316 FBP 330 
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Table 2 Surface area values for prepared catalyst samples
Catalyst sample BET specific surface area A/(cm2·g-1) vP /(cm3·g-1) dp /nm ZnO 16.93 0.0712 46.52 CuO 13.48 0.0481 67.1 CuO-ZnO (1:2) 26.52 0.0722 76.77 CuO-ZnO (1:1) 23.35 0.0653 75.2 CuO-ZnO (2:1) 19.44 0.0369 74.56
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