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摘要: 采用热机械分析仪、高温热台显微镜、XRD及FactSage软件相结合的方法，研究了五彩湾煤灰的烧结特性及不同添加剂的影响规律。结果表明，沙子（SiO2含量约为80%）和煤矸石（SiO2含量为54%，Al2O3含量为42%）能改变煤灰的烧结特性（烧结温度和烧结速率），但不同添加剂改变的程度不同。添加10%的沙子能使烧结温度提高70 ℃，而0-15%煤矸石不能使烧结温度升高。此外，烧结速率随添加剂增多而减小，烧结区间随添加剂增多而延长。进一步研究表明，添加剂能够改变煤灰初始液相温度、组成、含量、煤灰中硫酸盐的分解温度及初始液相温度从而改变煤灰的烧结特性。Abstract: The effect of different additives on sintering characteristics of Wucaiwan coal ash was studied by TMA combined with XRD, in-situ hot stage microscope and FactSage thermodynamic software. The results show that the additives could improve the sintering problems of coal ash, but the effect of different additives on sintering characteristics is various. For example, the sintering temperature increases by 70 ℃ when 10% of the sand is added, but the sintering temperature does not increase by addition of coal gangue in the range of 0-15%. Further studies show that the variation of sintering characteristics can be attributed to the change of initial liquid phase temperature, compositions, content and decomposition temperature of sulfates in coal ash.
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Key words:
- additives /
- sintering temperature /
- sintering process /
- initial liquid phase /
- sulfate
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图 4 五彩湾煤灰升温过程中形态的变化
Figure 4 Morphology change of Wucaiwan coal ash with the increasing of temperature
图 5 样品面积随温度的变化
Figure 5 Area change of Wucaiwan coal ash with the increasing of temperature
图 6 不同添加剂对烧结温度的影响
Figure 6 Influence of different addition agents on sintering temperature of Wucaiwan coal ash
图 7 添加剂对煤灰收缩曲线的影响
Figure 7 Influence of different additives on shrinkage curve of Wucaiwan coal ash
(a): sand; (b): gangue
图 8 添加剂对煤灰升温对程中硫酸盐矿物转化的影响
Figure 8 Influence of different additives on the transition of sulfates in Wucaiwan coal ash
—■—:CaSO4; —●—:Na2SO4; —▲—:gas
表 1 五彩湾煤的工业分析和元素分析
Table 1 Proximate and ultimate analyses of Wucaiwan
Sample Proximate analysis wad/% Ultimate analysis wad/% FC M A V C H O N S WCW 60.30 7.00 4.22 28.48 67.11 3.98 27.90 0.63 0.38 ad: air drying basis 
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表 2 五彩湾煤灰成分分析
Table 2 Ash compositions of Wucaiwan coal ash
Sample Chemical composition w/% SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO SO3 TiO2 K2O Na2O P2O5 WCW 8.73 9.96 6.53 35.55 7.70 22.54 0.23 0.38 4.26 0.18 MGS 54.08 42.82 0.57 0.26 0.29 0.00 1.04 0.31 0.18 0.03 SZ 80.29 9.68 2.18 1.68 0.56 0.17 0.35 2.72 1.98 0.05 MGS: gangue; SZ: sand
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表 3 五彩湾煤灰的熔融特征温度
Table 3 Ash fusion temperatures of Wucaiwan coal ash
Sample Temperature t/℃ Ts DT ST HT FT WCW 818 1339 1342 1349 1354
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表 4 初始液相温度时煤灰液相组成及含量
Table 4 Contents and chemical compositions of slag at liquid formation temperature
Sample tini /℃ Content
w/%Composition w /% CaO Al2O3 Fe2O3 MgO SiO2 NaAlO2 WCW 1267.79 12.25 39.01 32.33 21.09 5.26 1.61 - 5%MGS 1288.86 34.69 39.84 33.88 18.87 5.13 1.62 - 10%MGS 1295.02 27.931 38.88 32.09 21.45 5.28 1.61 - 15%MGS 1302.86 16.856 36.8 28.1 27.2 5.5 1.6 - 5%SZ 1295.27 33.28 39.7 32.61 20.18 5.18 1.66 - 10%SZ 1304.47 17.99 35.86 26.29 29.81 5.488 1.59 - 15%SZ 1313.64 3.55 44.36 7.09 5.7 5.76 29.39 2.56
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