煤气化细渣高炭组分超声强化酸浸法制备多孔材料

李翠翠; 韩瑞; 周安宁; 张宁宁; 郭凯强; 陈恒; 陈肖役; 李振; 王俊哲

doi:10.1016/S1872-5813(23)60402-5

煤气化细渣高炭组分超声强化酸浸法制备多孔材料

doi: 10.1016/S1872-5813(23)60402-5

李翠翠^1,,
韩瑞^1,,
周安宁^{1, 2, ,},
张宁宁^1,,
郭凯强^1,,
陈恒^1,,
陈肖役^1,,
李振^{1, 2,},
王俊哲^{1, 3}

1.
西安科技大学化学与化工学院, 陕西西安 710054
2.
自然资源部煤炭资源勘查与综合利用重点试验室, 陕西西安 710054
3.
陕西煤业化工新型能源有限公司, 陕西西安 710000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52374279）和陕西省重点研发计划（2023-YBGY-055）资助

详细信息

通讯作者:
Tel：15929705889，E-mail：psu564@qq.com

中图分类号: TQ536
计量
- 文章访问数: 60
- HTML全文浏览量: 48
- PDF下载量: 9
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-18
- 修回日期: 2023-10-24
- 录用日期: 2023-11-05
- 网络出版日期: 2023-12-13

Preparation of porous materials by ultrasound-intensified acid leaching of high-carbon component in coal gasification fine slag

LI Cuicui^1
,,
HAN Rui^1
,,
ZHOU Anning^{1, 2
, ,},
ZHANG Ningning^1
,,
GUO Kaiqiang^1
,,
CHEN Heng^1
,,
CHEN Xiaoyi^1
,,
LI Zhen^{1, 2
,},
WANG Junzhe^{1, 3}

1.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization, MNR, Xi’an 710054, China
3.
Shaanxi Coal Chemical New Energy Co. Ltd, Xi’an 710000, China

Funds: The project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (52374279) and Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2023-YBGY-055).

摘要

摘要: 煤气化细渣是煤炭清洁高效利用的副产物之一，其资源化应用迫在眉睫。通过简单筛分得到固定碳含量高于60%的高炭组分，并以此为原料，采用超声酸浸法制备多孔材料。以核废水中放射性碘的吸附处理为应用背景，用碘吸附值表征多孔材料的吸附性能。结合SEM、BET、XRD和FT-IR等性质和结构分析方法，系统研究了超声时间、超声功率、酸浓度和温度对多孔材料碘吸附性能和组成结构的影响规律；并探讨了超声强化酸浸对残炭的组成结构的影响机制和灰成分的迁移转化规律，总结出超声强化酸浸作用机理。结果表明，煤气化细渣高炭组分在酸浓度为4 mol/L、酸浸温度为50 ℃、超声功率为210 W，超声时间1.5 h的条件下，所制备多孔材料的碘吸附性能最佳，为468.53 mg/g，比表面积达到474.97 m²/g，且具有以介孔为主的丰富孔隙结构。各因素对多孔材料碘吸附性能影响的顺序为：超声时间>酸浓度>超声功率>酸浸温度。超声强化酸浸作用机理是超声空化和机械波作用一方面强化炭灰黏附颗粒的解离，使堵塞在气化细渣孔道内的灰颗粒脱附，增加孔隙结构的连通性；其次，会导致炭灰颗粒表面裂纹的产生，增强碳颗粒内部无机组分的可及性；第三，能够提高酸浸过程的传质速率，强化气化细渣中的无机组分的浸出效果。
- 煤气化细渣 /
- 残碳 /
- 超声 /
- 酸浸 /
- 多孔材料
Abstract: Coal gasification fine slag is one of the by-products from clean and efficient utilization of coal, and its resource utilization is extremely urgent. In this work, a high carbon fraction with a fixed carbon content higher than 60% was obtained by simple sieving of gasification fine slag, from which a porous material was prepared by ultrasonic acid leaching method. The adsorption performance of porous materials, being used as treatment of radioactive iodine in nuclear wastewater, is characterized by iodine adsorption value. The effects of ultrasound time, ultrasound power, acid concentration, and temperature on the iodine adsorption performance and compositional structure of the porous materials were systematically investigated by combining the results of SEM, BET, XRD, and FTIR. The mechanisms of ultrasound-enhanced acid leaching on compositional structure of residual carbon and migration and transformation laws of the ash constituents were explored and summarized. The results show that the porous material prepared under conditions of acid concentration of 4 mol/L, acid immersion temperature of 50 ℃, ultrasonic power of 210 W, and ultrasonic time of 1.5 h has the best iodine adsorption performance of 468.53 mg/g, with a specific surface area of 474.97 m²/g, and possesses a rich pore structure with predominant mesopores. The order of each factor on the iodine adsorption performance is: sonication time > acid concentration > sonication power > acid immersion temperature. The mechanism of ultrasonic enhanced acid leaching is that ultrasonic cavitation and mechanical wave action firstly enhance dissociation of carbon-ash adherent particles, thus making desorption of ash particles blocked in pore channels of the gasification slag to increase its connectivity; secondly, lead to generation of cracks on surface of the carbon and ash particles to enhance accessibility of inorganic components inside the carbon particles; and thirdly, enhance the acid leaching process by increasing mass transfer rate to strengthen leaching effect of inorganic components in the gasification slag.
- coal gasification fine slag /
- residue carbon /
- ultrasound /
- acid leaching /
- porous material

HTML全文

图 1 HFS的组成结构特征

Figure 1 The compositional and structural characteristics of HFS

(a): XRD patterns; (b): SEM image; (c): N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms; (d): FT-IR spectrogram.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 制备条件对多孔材料碘吸附值的影响

Figure 2 Effect of preparation conditions on iodine adsorption value of porous materials

(a): HCl concentration; (b): reaction temperature; (c): ultrasonic power; (d): ultrasonic time.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 不同酸浓度下样品的SEM图像

Figure 3 SEM of porous materials prepared by different acid concentration conditions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同酸浓度下样品的粒度分布

Figure 4 Particle size distribution of samples at different acid concentrations

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 不同酸浸温度下样品的SEM图像

Figure 5 SEM of samples at different leaching temperatures

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 不同酸浸温度下样品的粒度分布

Figure 6 Particle size distribution of samples at different leaching temperatures

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 不同超声功率下样品的粒度分布

Figure 7 Particle size distribution of samples at different ultrasonic powers

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 不同超声功率下样品的SEM图像

Figure 8 SEM of samples under different ultrasonic power

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 不同超声时间下样品的SEM图像

Figure 9 SEM of samples under different ultrasound times

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 不同超声时间下样品的粒度组成

Figure 10 Particle size distribution of samples at different ultrasonic times

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 正交试验的各因素及水平的目标函数图(a)和雷达图(b)

Figure 11 The objective function plot of various factors and levels (a) and Range (R) radar plot of orthogonal experiment (b)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 (a)、(b) HFS和(c)、(d) HFS-4-210-50-1.5的SEM图像

Figure 12 SEM morphological characteristics of (a), (b) HFS and (c), (d) HFS-4-210-50-1.5

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 HFS、HFS-4-0-50-1.5与HFS-4-210-50-1.5的N₂吸附-解吸等温线

Figure 13 N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms of HFS, HFS-4-0-50-1.5 and HFS-4-210-50-1.5

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 HFS、HFS-4-0-50-1.5与HFS-4-210-50-1.5的红外光谱谱图

Figure 14 Infrared spectra of HFS, HFS-4-0-50-1.5and HFS-4-210-50-1.5

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 HFS、HFS-4-0-50-1.5与HFS-4-210-50-1.5的XRD谱图

Figure 15 XRD patterns of HFS, HFS-4-0-50-1.5 and HFS-4-210-50-1.5

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 16 超声过程中Fe的溶出规律

Figure 16 Dissolution rule of Fe during ultrasonic process

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 17 超声过程中孔隙发展示意图

Figure 17 Schematic diagram of pore development in ultrasonic process

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 煤气化细渣及各粒度级的的工业分析

Table 1 Proximate analysis of each particle size of FS and its classified product

Sample	Proximate analysis w_ad/%				Yield/%
Sample	M	A	V	FC	Yield/%
>500 μm	0.95	49.77	2.12	47.16	2.88
250−500 μm	1.42	22.57	2.32	73.69	8.48
125−250 μm	1.68	27.93	1.61	68.78	23.30
74−125 μm	0.86	62.50	1.28	35.37	11.72
37−74 μm	0.47	66.58	1.19	31.76	8.57
<37 μm	0.57	85.16	2.18	12.09	45.06
FS	1.91	64.32	1.57	32.20	−
Note: ad denotes the air dryness benchmark.

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 煤气化细渣及各粒度级的孔隙特征参数

Table 2 Pore structure parameters of FS and each particle size classified product

Sample	BET surface area A/(m²·g⁻¹)	Total pore volume v_t/(cm³·g⁻¹)	Microporous pore volume v_m/(cm³·g⁻¹)	Average pore size d/nm
>500 μm	59.43	0.023	0.021	36.74
250−500 μm	238.72	0.15	0.050	3.97
125−250 μm	497.31	0.40	0.050	4.12
74−125 μm	585.13	0.56	0.012	4.35
37−74 μm	273.95	0.30	0.003	4.67
<37 μm	98.39	0.13	0.003	5.77
FS	271.72	0.23	0.032	4.12

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 HFS的化学成分

Table 3 Chemical composition of HFS

Sample	Content w/%
Sample	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	CaO	Fe₃O₄	Na₂O	MgO	K₂O	SO₃	MnO	BaO	SrO	other elements	LOI
HFS	43.04	19.50	13.16	10.32	3.26	2.01	2.08	4.42	0.16	0.28	0.33	1.44	74.34

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 HFS的孔隙特征参数

Table 4 Pore structure parameters of HFS

Sample	BET surface area A/(m²·g⁻¹)	Total pore volume v_t/(cm³·g⁻¹)	Microporous pore volume v_m/(cm³·g⁻¹)	Average pore size d/nm
HFS	395.98	0.307	0.053	4.16

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 不同酸浓度下样品的孔隙特征参数

Table 5 Pore characteristics of samples at different acid concentrations

Sample	BET surface area A/(m²·g⁻¹)	Total pore volume v_t/(cm³·g⁻¹)	Microporous pore volume v_m/(cm³·g⁻¹)	Average pore size d/nm
HFS-1-210-50-1.5	416.64	0.314	0.072	4.30
HFS-2-210-50-1.5	422.78	0.324	0.071	4.29
HFS-3-210-50-1.5	435.19	0.315	0.075	4.12
HFS-4-210-50-1.5	474.97	0.334	0.080	3.97
HFS-5-210-50-1.5	431.39	0.310	0.072	4.10

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 不同酸浸温度下样品的孔隙特征参数

Table 6 Pore characteristics of samples at different leaching temperatures

Sample	BET surface area A/(m²·g⁻¹)	Total pore volume v_t /(cm³·g⁻¹)	Microporous pore volume v_m/(cm³·g⁻¹)	Average pore size d/nm
HFS-4-210-30-1.5	421.33	0.303	0.068	4.06
HFS-4-210-50-1.5	474.97	0.334	0.080	3.97
HFS-4-210-60-1.5	444.37	0.314	0.071	3.94
HFS-4-210-70-1.5	431.66	0.310	0.067	4.04
HFS-4-210-80-1.5	453.30	0.333	0.066	4.13

下载: 导出CSV

表 7 不同超声功率下样品的孔隙特征参数

Table 7 Pore characteristics of samples at different ultrasonic powers

Sample	BET surface area A/(m²·g⁻¹)	Total pore volume v_t/(cm³·g⁻¹)	Microporous pore volume v_m/(cm³·g⁻¹)	Average pore size d/nm
HFS-4-150-50-1.5	414.31	0.306	0.072	4.21
HFS-4-180-50-1.5	427.00	0.308	0.076	4.17
HFS-4-210-50-1.5	474.97	0.334	0.080	3.97
HFS-4-240-50-1.5	417.93	0.298	0.069	4.01
HFS-4-270-50-1.5	415.05	0.310	0.071	4.08

下载: 导出CSV

表 8 不同超声时间下样品的孔隙参数特征

Table 8 Pore parameter characteristics of samples at different ultrasonic times

Sample	BET surface area A/(m²·g⁻¹)	Total pore volume v_t/(cm³·g⁻¹)	Microporous pore volume v_m/(cm³·g⁻¹)	Average pore size d/nm
HFS-4-210-50-0.5	405.99	0.291	0.072	4.10
HFS-4-210-50-1	440.55	0.314	0.074	4.06
HFS-4-210-50-1.5	474.97	0.334	0.080	3.97
HFS-4-210-50-2	437.95	0.304	0.077	3.93
HFS-4-210-50-2.5	427.72	0.308	0.071	4.15

下载: 导出CSV

表 9 超声酸浸试验中各因素的设计值

Table 9 Design values of each factor in ultrasound-assisted acid leaching experiment

Factor	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Acid concentration/(mol·L⁻¹)	3	4	5
Ultrasonic power/W	180	210	240
Ultrasonic time/h	1	1.5	2
Reaction temperature/℃	30	50	70

下载: 导出CSV

表 10 正交试验结果

Table 10 The results of orthogonal experiment

Number	A	B	C	D	Iodine adsorption value/(mg·g⁻¹)
1	1	1	1	1	410.21
2	1	2	3	2	441.70
3	1	3	2	3	437.95
4	2	1	3	3	446.22
5	2	2	2	1	468.85
6	2	3	1	2	439.00
7	3	1	2	2	448.07
8	3	2	1	3	440.43
9	3	3	3	1	444.10
K_1j	1289.86	1304.50	1289.64	1323.16	1289.86
K_2j	1354.07	1350.98	1354.87	1328.77	1354.07
K_3j	1332.60	1321.05	1332.02	1324.60	1332.60
K_1j²	1663738.82	1701720.25	1663171.33	1750752.39	1663738.82
K_2j²	1833505.56	1825146.96	1835672.72	1765629.71	1833505.57
K_3j²	1775822.76	1745173.10	1774277.28	1754565.16	1775822.76

下载: 导出CSV

表 11 方差分析结果

Table 11 Results of the variance analysis

Factor	SS_j	df_j	V_j	F	F_a	Significance level
A	712.05	2	356.02	262.74539	F_0.1(2,4)=4.32	significant
B	369.77	2	184.89	136.45018	F_0.05(2,4)=6.94	significant
C	730.11	2	365.05	269.40959	F_0.01(2,4)=18	significant
D	5.42	2	2.71
Inaccuracy	5.42	4	1.355
Sum	1822.77

下载: 导出CSV

表 12 超声后细渣的粒度特性

Table 12 Particle size characteristics of fine slag after ultrasound

Sample	Particle size/μm	Yield/%	Ash content/%	Fixed carbon content/%
250−500 μm	250−500	27.81	19.80	76.24
125−250 μm	125−250	43.76	26.12	69.45
74−125 μm	74−125	10.01	21.74	73.83
37−74 μm	37−74	7.46	34.22	61.91
<37 μm	<37	10.96	45.95	50.42

下载: 导出CSV

表 13 HFS、HFS-4-0-50-1.5与HFS-4-210-50-1.5的孔隙特征参数

Table 13 Pore structure parameters of HFS, HFS-4-0-50-1.5 and HFS-4-210-50-1.5

Sample	BET surface area A/(m²·g⁻¹)	Total pore volume v_t/(cm³·g⁻¹)	Microporous pore volume v_m/(cm³·g⁻¹)	Average pore size d/nm
HFS	395.98	0.307	0.053	4.16
HFS-4-0-50-1.5	441.05	0.320	0.074	4.19
HFS-4-210-50-1.5	474.97	0.334	0.080	3.97

下载: 导出CSV

表 14 HFS、HFS-4-0-50-1.5与HFS-4-210-50-1.5的氧化物含量

Table 14 Oxide content of HFS, HFS-4-0-50-1.5 and HFS-4-210-50-1.5

Sample	Content w/%												LOI
Sample	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	CaO	Fe₃O₄	Na₂O	MgO	K₂O	SO₃	MnO	BaO	SrO	other elements	LOI
HFS	43.04	19.50	13.16	10.32	3.26	2.01	2.08	4.42	0.16	0.28	0.33	1.44	74.34
HFS-4-0-50-1.5	79.00	8.61	1.18	2.18	0.64	0.39	1.00	0.66	0.01	0.14	0.06	6.14	83.04
HFS-4-210-50-1.5	85.77	7.09	1.17	2.09	0.61	0.35	1.00	1.01	0.02	0.05	−	0.83	84.52

下载: 导出CSV

表 15 HFS-4-210-50-1.5中有害金属元素的溶出量

Table 15 Dissolved amount of hazardous trace elements in HFS-4-210-50-1.5

Dissolution condition	Hazardous trace elements/(mg·kg⁻¹)
Dissolution condition	As	Cd	Co	Cr	Mn	Ni	Pb	Sb	Zn
HM	0.097	0.003	0.007	−	−	−	−	0.244	0.042
AM	0.086	0.019	−	0.013	0.013	0.085	−	0.267	−

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(34)

[1]	MENG J, LIAO W, ZHANG G. Emerging CO₂-mineralization technologies for co-utilization of industrial solid waste and carbon resources in China[J]. Minerals,2021,11(3):274. doi: 10.3390/min11030274
[2]	吕飞勇, 初茉, 易浩然, 等. 磁性灰粒在不同粒级气化灰渣中的分布特性[J]. 化工进展,2022,41(5):2372−2378. doi: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1056 LV Feiyong, CHU Mo, YI Haoran, et al. Distribution characteristics of magnetic ash particles in gasification slag of different particle sizes[J]. Chem Ind Eng Prog,2022,41(5):2372−2378. doi: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1056
[3]	HAN R, ZHOU A N, ZHANG N N, et al. Structural properties of residual carbon in coal gasification fine slag and their influence on flotation separation and resource utilization: A review[J]. Int J Min Met Mater,2024,31:217−230. doi: 10.1007/s12613-023-2753-z
[4]	WU S, HUANG S, WU Y, et al. Characteristics and catalytic actions of inorganic constituents from entrained-flow coal gasification slag[J]. J Energy Inst,2015,88(1):93−103. doi: 10.1016/j.joei.2014.04.001
[5]	高影, 赵伟, 周安宁, 等. 水煤浆气化细渣的组成结构特征及干法脱炭研究[J]. 燃料化学学报,2022,50(8):954−965. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5813(22)60007-0 GAO Ying, ZHAO Wei, ZHOU Anning, etal. Study on the composition and structure characteristics and dry decarbonization separation of coal water slurry gasification fine slag[J]. J Fuel Chem Technol,2022,50(8):954−965. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5813(22)60007-0
[6]	WAGNER N J, MATJIE R H, SLAGHUIS J H, et al. Characterization of unburned carbon present in coarse gasification ash[J]. Fuel,2008,87(6):683−691. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2007.05.022
[7]	GU Y, QIAO X. A carbon silica composite prepared from water slurry coal gasification slag[J]. Microporous Mesoporous Mater,2019,276:303−307. doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2018.06.025
[8]	REN L, DING L, GUO Q, et al. Characterization, carbon-ash separation and resource utilization of coal gasification fine slag: A comprehensive review[J]. J Clean Prod, 2023: 136554.
[9]	LIU S, CHEN X, AI W, et al. A new method to prepare mesoporous silica from coal gasification fine slag and its application in methylene blue adsorption[J]. J Clean Prod,2019,212:1062−1071. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.060
[10]	DU M, HUANG J, LIU Z, et al. Reaction characteristics and evolution of constituents and structure of a gasification slag during acid treatment[J]. Fuel,2018,224:178−185. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.03.073
[11]	ZHU D, ZUO J, JIANG Y, et al. Carbon-silica mesoporous composite in situ prepared from coal gasification fine slag by acid leaching method and its application in nitrate removing[J]. Sci Total Environ,2020,707:136102. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136102
[12]	GONH X, JIANG W, HU S, et al. Comprehensive utilization of foundry dust: Coal powder and clay minerals separation by ultrasonic-assisted flotation[J]. J Hazard Mater,2021,402:124124. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124124
[13]	WANG W, LIU D, TU Y, et al. Enrichment of residual carbon in entrained-flow gasification coal fine slag by ultrasonic flotation[J]. Fuel,2020,278:118195. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118195
[14]	TURAN M D, SARI Z A, DEMIRASLAN A. Ultrasound-assisted leaching and kinetic study of blended copper slag[J]. Metall Mater Trans B,2019,50:1949−1956.
[15]	GUO Z, GUO P, SU G, et al. Study on ultrasonically-enhanced sulfuric acid leaching of nickel from nickel-containing residue[J]. Crystals,2021,11(7):810. doi: 10.3390/cryst11070810
[16]	KURISINGAL J F, YUN H, HONG C S. Porous organic materials for iodine adsorption[J]. J Hazard Mater, 2023: 131835.
[17]	郭燕鑫. 共价有机框架材料的制备及其对碘吸附性能研究[D]. 西宁: 青海师范大学, 2023. GUO Yanxin. Preparation of covalent organic framework materials and study on their adsorption properties for iodine[D]. Xining: Qinghai Normal University, 2023.
[18]	程富江. 废纸再生脱墨污泥制备活性炭及其性能研究[D]. 天津: 天津科技大学, 2018. CHENG Fujiang. Study on preparation and characterization of activated carbon from deinking sludge[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 2018.
[19]	ZHANG T, YUE X, GAO L, et al. Hierarchically porous bismuth oxide/layered double hydroxide composites: Preparation, characterization and iodine adsorption[J]. J Clean Prod,2017,144(FEB.15):220−227.
[20]	吴倩, 刘元元, 傅皓. 煤质活性炭碘吸附值标准样品的研制[J]. 煤质技术,2022,37(4):43−49. WU Qian, LIU Yuanyuan, FU Hao. Research on preparation of standard reference material of coal-activated carbon for iodine adsorption[J]. Goal Qual Technol,2022,37(4):43−49.
[21]	YU W, WANG X, LIU L, et al. Experimental study on pore structure and mechanical dehydration of coal gasification fine slag[J]. Energy Source Part A,2022,44(2):3629−3640. doi: 10.1080/15567036.2022.2069177
[22]	MIAO Z, GUO F, ZHAO X, et al. Effects of acid treatment on physicochemical properties and gasification reactivity of fine slag from Texaco gasifier[J]. Chem Eng Res Des,2021,169:1−8. doi: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.01.020
[23]	尹艳山, 尹杰, 张巍, 等. 红外和拉曼光谱的煤灰矿物组成研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析,2018,38(3):789−793. YIN Yanshan, YIN Jie, ZHANG Wei, et al. Characterization of mineral matter in coal ashes with infrared and Raman spectroscopy[J]. Spectrosc Spect Anal,2018,38(3):789−793.
[24]	LI T, HE S, SHEN T, et al. Using one-step acid leaching for the recovering of coal gasification fine slag as functional adsorbents: preparation and performance[J]. Int J Env Res Pub He,2022,19(19):12851. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912851
[25]	ZHENG X, LI S, LIU B, et al. A study on the mechanism and kinetics of ultrasound-enhanced sulfuric acid leaching for zinc extraction from zinc oxide dust[J]. Nat Mater,2022,15(17):5969.
[26]	ZHANG J, ZUO J, JIANG Y, et al. Kinetic analysis on the mesoporous formation of coal gasification slag by acid leaching and its thermal stability[J]. Solid State Sci,2020,100:106084. doi: 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2019.106084
[27]	袁帅, 赵立欣, 孟海波, 等. 生物炭主要类型, 理化性质及其研究展望[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(5): 1402−1417. YUAN Shuai, ZHAO Lixin, MENG Haibo, et al. The main types of biochar and their properties and expectative researches[J] Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2016, 22(5): 1402−1417.
[28]	CHOUNG S, UM W, KIM M, et al. Uptake mechanism for iodine species to black carbon[J]. Environ Sci Technol,2013,47(18):10349−10355.
[29]	李肽脂, 吴锋, 李辉, 等. 复合激发煤气化渣基胶凝材料的制备[J]. 环境工程学报,2022,16(7):2356−2364. doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.202202138 LI Taizhi, WU Feng, LI Hui, et al. Preparation and microscopic mechanism of composite activated coal gasification slag-based cementitious materials[J]. J Environ Eng,2022,16(7):2356−2364. doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.202202138
[30]	屈慧升, 索永录, 刘浪, 等. 改性煤气化渣基矿用充填材料制备与性能[J]. 煤炭学报,2022,47(5):1958−1973. doi: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2021.0405 QU Huisheng, SU Yonglu, LIU Lang, et al. Preparation and properties of modified coal gasification slag-based filling materials for mines[J]. J China Coal Soc,2022,47(5):1958−1973. doi: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2021.0405
[31]	沙东, 王宝民, 潘宝峰, 等. 地质聚合物强化增韧方法研究综述[J]. 复合材料学报,2024,in press. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230911.003 SHA Dong, WANG Baomin, PAN Baofeng, et al. A review on reinforcing and toughening methods of geopolymers[J]. Acta Mater Compost Sin,2024,in press. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230911.003
[32]	崔维, 易武平, 蔡安. 超声波强化浸出铝灰中氯的机理[J]. 过程工程学报,2017,17(4):757−762. doi: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.216367 CUI Wei, YI Wuping, CAI An. Mechanism of ultrasound-assisted leaching chlorine from aluminum dross[J]. Chin J Process Eng,2017,17(4):757−762. doi: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.216367
[33]	MASOUM H G, RASTEGAR S O, KHAMFOROUSH M. Ultrasound-assisted leaching of vanadium and yttrium from coal ash: Optimization, kinetic and thermodynamic study[J]. Chem Eng Technol,2021,44(12):2249−2256. doi: 10.1002/ceat.202100297
[34]	JIANG J, SUN S, WANG D, et al. Surface texture formation mechanism based on the ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding process[J]. Int J Mach Tool Manu,2020,156:103595. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2020.103595