Abstract: A sizeclassified bituminous coal was pyrolyzed in a laboratory drop tube furnace at different heating rates. The effects of coal particle size and heating rate on particle swelling properties were investigated. The results show that coal particles undergo obvious swelling during pyrolysis, leading to the formation of a large number of char cenospheres with a large central void surrounded by a thin shell. Analyses indicate this is caused by high concentrations of vitrinite present in coal samples. At the same heating rate, the extent of swelling increases with decreasing particle size and the difference in swelling decreases with increasing particle size. Since finer coal samples contain higher content of vitrinite, the observed phenomena are considered to be the result of the different content of vitrinite in these samples. The reason is that coal particles containing more vitrinite easily undergo a softening and deformation stage and swell significantly during pyrolysis. When the heating rate increases from 0.5×104K/s to 4×104K/s, the swelling of coal particles in the same size range firstly increases and then decreases, which implies that an optimum heating rate at which coal particles swell most must exist between 0.5×104K/s and 4×104K/s. Reasonable explanations for this effect of heating rate on particle swelling are provided in the present study.
Abstract: Pore structure of Chinese coals with various ranks was characterized with three analytical methods (carbon dioxide adsorption, nitrogen adsorption, mercury method), and its effect on the properties of coal water slurry (CWS) was discussed. The results indicate that there is less correlativity between the pore structure and the properties of CWS. Different slurryabilities of CWS are found for coals with similar pore volume and pore size distributions. The properties of CWS is dependent on not only coal pore structures itself but also the surface features of physical chemistry such as the content of oxygencontaining functional groups , coalwater contact angle and the moistureholding capacity of coal.
Abstract: The adsorption characteristics of 6 CWS dispersants on 14 coals surface were studied. The results show that most dispersants exhibit multilayer adsorption after achieving monomolecular layer saturated adsorption. The saturated adsorption amount of monolayer is mainly dependent on the coal rank, specific surface area of coal and the structure and property of dispersant. Under the same particle size distribution, either the higher the coal rank, the larger the adsorption amount of dispersant on coal surface; or the larger the specific surface of coal, the larger the adsorption amount. For different coals, the structure and property of dispersant will affect whether the coal rank or the specific surface of coal is the main factor to determine the adsorption of dispersant. The saturated adsorption amount for dispersant on unit surface area of coal increases with increasing coal rank and decreasing porosity of coal. When the dispersant is a length chain polymer, its hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups are linear schismatic distribution, resulting in a larger adsorption amount owing to the dispersant adsorbing on the coal particle surface by vertical form. When the hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups of dispersant are linear alternate distribution, leading to a smaller adsorption amount owing to the dispersant adsorbing on the coal particle surface by horizontal form.
Abstract: 3 Longyan anthracites with different lithotypes were separated by flotation technique. Their proximate analysis, ultimate analysis and petrographical analysis were conducted. Their particle properties, such as surface figure and pore structure, were also examined by mercury porosimeter combining with SEM technology; further, the combustion characteristics such as ignition/burnout temperature and reactivity were studied using TGA. It is shown that most of macerals of Longyan anthracite are composed of vitrinite. For clarain, which has a relatively lower density, an extremely low volatile, and a higher fixed carbon content (> 80%), the primary maceral is vitrinite. For durain, which has an extremely high density (>2.0g/ cm3) and low carbon content, on the contrary, most of its maceral is mineral matter whose property is similar to that of coal gangue. Contrasted with the other two lithotypes, culm has the highest content of inertinite and its proximate and ultimate analysis is close to that of parent coal. Longyan anthracite has a very compact particle structure and has a density greater than 1.6g/cm3, the pores in particle are generally smaller than 1μm. The surface of clarain particle is glabrous and compact, most diameter of inner pore is between 0.01μm and 0.10μm, few has a diameter greater than 1μm. For clarain, the particle has a big specific surface area. The pore of durain particle is relatively developed, pore in the surface of durain particle can be seen from SEM; all the kinds of pore whose d>1μm，d=0.1μm~1.0μm，d=0.01μm~0.10μm and d<0.01μm exist in a particle. As to the culm, the pore in particle is few and undeveloped, most pore diameter in particle is smaller than 0.01μm. The ignition temperature of Longyan coal with different lithotypes is close to each other, nearly at 580℃. But there is great difference among their burnout temperature. The clarain has the highest burnout temperature while the durain has the lowest, the discrepancy between them is greater than 120℃. Judged from the specific maximum weight loss rate, which is defined as the quotient of the maximum weight loss rate in TGA to the corresponding sample′s fixed carbon content (daf), the reactivity of Longyan coal with different lithotypes can be ranked as clarain, coal, culm, and durain, from high to low.
Abstract: Seven Shenfu coal powders with different particle sizes were obtained by sieving or ball mill. They were used for adsorption tests to probe the adsorption properties of aniline on different granularity coal powders, especially the ultrafine ones. The results show that the adsorption kinetics of aniline on 4 coal powders with larger particle size fit well Lagergren firstorder model, while the other 3 powders with smaller size follow the secondorder model. The dynamics parameters and the effective diffusion coefficients of aniline adsorption on coal powders were calculated. The adsorption process is governed by inner diffusion of the particles. Aniline adsorption capacity exponentially increases with decreasing mean diameter (d50) of coal powder. The adsorption equilibrium of coal powders (mean diameter d50: 9.30μm, 4.28μm and 4.82μm) can be described in terms of Langmuir isotherm, and the maximum amount to form a complete monolayer on the surface is 109.05×10－3, 246.31×10－3 and 90.91×10－3, respectively. The adsorption capacity of ultrafine coal powders is much better than that of normal coal powder.
Abstract: In the process of low temperature coal pyrolysis, fine particles carried over by pyrolysis gas have negative effect on the tar capture and quality，which is one of the key points for the process development. Filter screen and granular bed were studied for dust capture in the intermittent experiment of pulverized coal pyrolysis with solid heat carrier. Distribution of fine particle size indicates that the fine dust particle especially less than 100μm takes more than 80% of the dust. Filter screen shows a high efficiency of more than 99.9% in the dust removal tests. The result of granular bed filter combined with filter screen in this process indicates that the granular bed filter reduces the charge of filter screen. The dust removal efficiencies of the two chosen granular bed material, quartz sand and ceramic ring, are more than 90%. Dust removal efficiency increases from 91.3% to 97.3% in three intermittent tests using ceramic ring as the granular bed material. Dust deposition has no influence on the yield of gas, and has a litte influence on the yield of tar because some tar fractions are absorbed by deposited dust. It can be concluded that the combination of a moving granular bed filter with a filter screen can be used in the hot process of cogeneration system for dust collection.
Abstract: A stochastic model of the residence time distribution was established on the basis of a continuoustime Markov chain and some knowledge of matrix. According to the measurement of flow field for the opposed tetraburner gasifier, the gasifier was divided into several regions and the Markov chain states transfer diagram was formed. It is found that the calculated results can give a reasonable fit for the experimental data when the reflux ratio of jet reflux region and impinging stream reflux region is 1, and the tube stream region can be regarded as PFR, the other regions as CSTR. Based on the established model, the residence time distribution of cold model gasifier for different conditions is predicted. It can be concluded that the mean residence time is reduced and the variance is increased with the increase of flow rate. The mean residence time is increased and the variance is reduced with the increase of gasifier height. The prediction of residence time distribution for an industrial opposed tetraburner gasifier shows that the flow pattern of industrial gasifier is closed to CSTR, which is beneficial to the gasification reaction.
Abstract: The thermal reaction of Karamay residue oil with three kinds of fine carbonous particle additives was carried out in a batch reactor under N2 atmosphere to investigate the effect of additives on coke formation. The initial N2 pressure was 2.0MPa, the reaction temperature was 420℃ and the additive content was 1w%. The results show that the fine carbonous particles restrain coke formation during thermal cracking of residue oil. The coke restrainability of additives related to their surface properties directly. The additive easily wetted by polar component absorbs asphaltene from asphaltene toluene solution easily, and it also has the stronger ability of restraining coke formation. The abilities of being wetted by polar component, asphaltene absorption and restraining coke among three carbonous additives have the same order: carbon black 1 > active carbon powder > carbon black 2. However, the three abilities have no direct relationship with their specific surface areas. Reactions at different time show that the additives could only restrain the coke formation at the initial period. Once the coke yield is grate enough, the additives does not work. The scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis show that the TI with carbonous additive has less and smaller toluene insoluble spheres than TI without additive. It is concluded that the wetting and spreading of asphaltene and coke precursor phase on carbonous additives are the main reason of restraining coke formation. They constrict the coalescence and growth of coke precursor and coke, and thus reduce the coke yield at a certain reaction time.
Abstract: Ni /Al2O3SiO2 catalyst for hydrogenation of C4 fraction was characterized by XRD, H2TPR and pore structure analysis. The hydrogenation conditions and catalytic stability were examined in a fixedbed reactor and the hydrogenation mechanism of catalyst was also discussed. The H2TPR results indicated that at least two kinds of active centers were produced on the surface of catalyst by reduction of crystallite NiO and commendable disperse NiO, respectively. Compared with other catalysts, the inlet temperature of this catalyst 18.6℃ was far lower than the reported temperature 180℃~200℃. So the Ni /Al2O3SiO2 catalyst is a kind of low temperature hydrogenation catalyst. The conversions of monoolefines in C4 fraction was over 98% at 2.0MPa~2.7MPa when the mass fraction of monoolefines in C4 fraction was 74.85%, the reaction temperature was 15℃~25℃，the volume spacetime velocity was 1.0h－1~2.0h－1 , and the volume ratio of H2 to light C4 was 300~450. With the application of Ni/Al2O3SiO2 catalyst, 342h stability test shows that the catalyst has relatively high activity and excellent stability with promising prospects for industrial application.
Abstract: The ZSM5 zeolites impregnated with various metal oxides were prepared. Their performances for pyrolysis of Daqing VGO feedstock to ethylene and propylene were investigated in a fixedbed micro reactor. The catalyst prepared with spray drying method and being aged with 100% steam at 800℃ for 4h was evaluated in a TSRFCC experimental apparatus with Daqing AR feedstock and showed the best performance. The 9.5% ethylene yield and 24.9% propylene yield were obtained when the firststage riser was fed with fresh feedstock and the second one was fed with liquid product of the first one. If the C4 mixture produced was recracked in the secondstage riser, the yields of ethylene and propylene could reach 13.0% and 29.9%, respectively.
Abstract: Hydroisomerization of n-tetradecane over a Pt/SAPO-11 catalyst with 0.6% metal loading was carried out in a fixedbed downflow reactor system. Reaction parameters such as temperature, pressure and WHSV, as well as the H2/CH molar ratio were varied in order to investigate the catalytic behavior, and thus to obtain the optimum reaction conditions. The catalytic performance was influenced by those reaction variables. It was shown that reaction temperature has the greatest impact on the hydroisomerization of n-tetradecane. The conversion of n-tetradecane increases up to 95% with increasing reaction temperature up to 340℃, while the isomerization selectivity lowers to about 87%. Increasing reaction pressure up to 3.0MPa has a negative effect on hydroconversion of n-tetradecane, but has little impact on the isomerization selectivity. With increasing WHSV, the n-tetradecane conversion decreases accordingly, but the isomerization selectivity increases a few units. The influence of H2/CH ratio on the catalytic performance presented a more complicated picture, and its effect was found to be relevant with other reaction parameters. At low reaction temperatures with conversion level less than 92%, nearly the same trends, sharp change of conversion and small change of selectivity, were observed as that of changing WHSV. However, at higher reaction temperatures with conversion level of above 95%, the H2/CH rise favors the isomerization selectivity, while the conversion decreases a little. Catalytic stability was found to be largely influenced by both reaction pressure and the H2/CH ratio. Fast deactivation was observed at atmospheric pressure, and stable catalytic performance was realized under high pressures above 0.5MPa. It should be point out that a critical minimal H2/CH ratio should be used in order to maintain the stable catalytic performance under higher pressures. It was also found that the ratio should be increased when the hydroisomerization was carried out at higher reaction temperatures. These results were in good agreement with our previous findings for the hydroisomerization of n-heptane over 0.4% Pt/SAPO-11 catalyst. The conclusion could be drawn from the obtained data that the reaction parameters interact with each other, which indicates that variation of one parameter needs the adjusting of others in order to gain a maximum isomerization yield. Moreover, the optimum reaction parameters are obtained for an optimal performance of hydroisomerization n-tetradecane: temperature 300℃～330℃, pressure 0.5MPa～2.0MPa, WHSV < 10h－1 and H2/CH 1.1～8.7. Under these conditions, excellent selectivity and stability of the catalyst were observed at low pressure and H2/CH ratio. High selectivity to i-C14 above 90% could be maintained even with conversion up to 95%.
Abstract: Preparation conditions of SbSn intermetallic compound by melting and performance of desulfurization using the new material were investigated. Gasoline and a simulated oil which consists of heptane and thiophene were used respectively in the desulfurization experiments. Before the desulfurization, both of the gasoline and the simulated oil were emulsified. The results show that the preferable preparation conditions are: m(Sb)∶m(Sn)=49∶51, melting temperature 950℃, melting time 60min, particle size of Sb less than 200mesh and using fast cooling. The positive results of desulfurization experiments for the simulated oil and gasoline were obtained by using the SbSn intermetallic compound. The sulfur removal efficiency of 15% for the simulated oil and 11.8% for the gasoline are obtained in a single pass under room temperature and ambient pressure while combined suitable emulsification. Several methods were used to clean the SbSn intermetallic compound. The results show that the clean method by using toluene is a preferable one. The removal efficiency of 32% for simulated oil and 27% for gasoline are obtained after thrice loop operations.
Abstract: The difference of pyrolysis characteristic among cellulose, xylan and lignin was studied by TG and heat radiation reactor. Xylan has a lower thermal stability than cellulose, and decomposes at 217℃~390℃. Cellulose has a higher onset temperature of pyrolysis and lower yield of char compared with xylan and lignin, and decomposes in a rather narrow temperature range. Lignin decomposes over a broad temperature range from 227℃ to 550℃ with a char yield of 42% which is the highest of the three fractions. The trend of biooil yield from the three components with temperature is the same, which increases firstly and then decreases. The biooil yield from cellulose is the highest of the three fractions, but it is lest stable. The biooil from xylan and lignin shows a higher thermal stability. The char yield for cellulose, xylan and lignin decreases with temperature rise, and finally closes to a constant value about 1.5%, 22% and 26%. The gas yield increases with temperature rise, but the contents of the gas are different according to the different fraction.
Abstract: The hydrogen production by the direct thermal decomposition of natural gas is an promising approach for its nearly zero emission of COx and lower energy consumption compared to the traditional methane steam reforming. The activated carbon (AC) as the catalyst for methane decomposition has many advantages over the metal ones, such as low cost, rich supply and so on, while there is little literature reported on the detailed methane decomposition over ACs and the properties changes of the ACs. In this work, the hydrogen production from the methane decomposition over activated carbons was studied in a fixedbed quartztube reactor and at the same time the surface properties changes of the ACs including surface area, pore volume, micropore volume and pore distribution before and after use were analyzed. The results indicate that the methane decomposition over different ACs shows a similar behavior, i.e., the maximum methane conversion is reached in the initial stage and then gradually fallen down to a stable stage along with the reaction time, which shows that the mechanisms of methane decomposition over ACs are same. The deactivation of the AC catalysts is due to the carbon deposition produced by the methane decomposition, which corresponds to the weight gain of the deactivated AC catalysts. The methane conversion increases with the increase of temperature, residence time and the decrease of methane partial pressure. However, high temperature is unfavorable of the stability of ACs because of the too rapid reaction rate and the great amount of carbon deposition in the initial stage. The spent ACs after methane decomposition have lower surface area, pore and micropore volme, and larger pore diameter than those of fresh ones, which shows that the carbon deposition takes place in the pores especially in the micropores of ACs and leads to the block of the pores.
Abstract: Thermodynamic equilibrium limit in the system of methane oxidative coupling was studied. The Van′t Hoff equation was used to study the influence of temperature. PR equation was used for calculating the fugacity of each compound. With thermodynamic model and related data, aimmimg at the minimum of Gibbs free energy in this system, the thermodynamic property of the methane oxidative coupling were calculated at ideal condition. The methane conversion, selectivity and yields of other compounds at equilibrium were studied. The influences to different compounds in the system caused by different temperatures， pressures， methane and oxygen molar ratio have been tested. It is found that in this system H2 and CO are easy to get while C2 products (C2H6 and C2H4) are difficult. Not only CO and H2 but CO2 and H2O have the same changing trend. The higher temperature, lower pressure and lower methane and oxygen molar ratio can help to improve the methane conversion. And it is advantageous for C2 products at the condition of higher temperature, pressure, methane and oxygen molar ratio.
Abstract: Adsorption of organic pollutants from waste waters at ambient conditions followed by catalytic dry oxidation of these adsorbed materials at low temperatures has been reported to be a promising method for the treatment of toxic and/or biorefractory wastewaters. This work mainly investigated the effect of metal loadings on the catalytic activity of the CuO/AC catalystsorbent used for the catalytic dry oxidation of phenol through temperatureprogrammed oxidation (TPO) and consecutive adsorptionoxidation experiments. The results indicate that increasing metal loadings promotes the phenol oxidation activity of the CuO/AC catalystsorbent, and enhances the affinity between the phenol and the CuO/AC catalystsorbent. This makes the adsorbed phenol desorb and/or deassociatively desorb from the catalystsorbent difficult. In addition, the ignition activity of the CuO/AC catalystsorbent itself is improved with increasing metal loadings. According to these results, it is clear that there is a proper metal loadings range of 3 ~ 5% for the CuO/AC catalystsorbent used for catalytic dry oxidation of phenol, which is calculated as the Cu weight percent.
Abstract: Several wastes including paper scrap, bagasse, wood powder, chaff and refused derived fuel (RDF) were burned. The inhalable particulate matter (PM10) emitted from them was sampled and analyzed. The mass fraction and emission character of metal elements in PM10 were obtained, which were compared with those in relevant raw materials and ashes. The results show that the kinds of metal in PM10 are related to the materials. The mass fraction of metal elements in PM10 from paper scraps is the lowest while that from RDF is the highest. It is also found that the mass fraction of some heavy metals are very high, which are several times of those in soil. The metal distribution in PM10 and ashes is closely correlated to the character of metals. The metal elements are obviously concentrated in PM10.
Abstract: A series of complex oxide La1-xCexCoO3 catalysts were synthesized at low temperature through a combustion process, in which x is among 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 corresponding to the quantity of La3+ partial substitution by Ce4+. And the catalysts were characterized for phase composition using chemical analysis and xray diffraction. The surface characterization of the catalysts was determined by SEM. The catalytic activity of the catalysts in removal of NOx, THC and particulate matter (PM) from diesel exhaust gases were examined in details using temperatureprogrammed reaction (TPR) technique. The results show that after partial substitution of La3+ with Ce4+ the oxygen vacancy concentration increases significantly and Co3＋-Co2＋ system is formed , and consequently the catalytic activity in removal of THC and NOx is significantly improved. But for PM, the effect is not so obvious, and the possible catalytic mechanism was also presented. The doped catalysts also show good stability.
Abstract: A flue gas desulfurization process with the sodium alkali desulfurization and membrane electrolysis recycling was studied in a pilot plant ．The results indicate that the current density and absorbing solution concentration can observably impact the membrane electrolysis recycling．The sulfur conversion in the middle cell is higher and the decreasing velocity of conductivity is fast with the higher current density but the current efficiency is higher with the lower current density．The increasing velocity of pH and conductivity in the cathode cell with the higher current density is greater than that with the lower current density, and the pH and conductivity in the cathode cell appear an abrupt rise after 85min during the membrane electrolysis with the higher current density of 83.33mA·cm－2． The current efficiency and sulfur conversion in the middle cell are higher and the decreasing velocity of conductivity is fast with the lower absorbing solution concentration．However, the increasing velocity of pH and conductivity in the cathode cell with the lower absorbing solution concentration is greater than that with the higher absorbing solution concentration, and it also has a abrupt rise after some time during the membrane electrolysis.
Abstract: The aging process of copperzincaluminum precursors was studied by XRD, TGDTG and TPR techniques. The catalytic activity of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst for methanol synthesis were tested using continues flow type fixedbed reactor. For the precursors prepared at the precipitating condition of pH=8.0 and temperature=80℃, the initial phases of the precipitate was a mixture of copper nitrate hydroxide Cu2(OH)3NO3, georgeite(amorphous Cu2CO3(OH)2) and hydrozincite Zn5 (CO3)2(OH)6. By increasing duration of its aging time, the phase of Cu2(OH)3 NO3first transited to georgeite, then interdiffused with Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6, resulting in two new phases: rosasite (Cu,Zn)2CO3(OH)2 and aurichalcite (Cu,Zn)5(CO3)2(OH)6. It was found that the composition and structure of the precursors altered obviously after the colour transition point. The research results demonstrate that the BET surface area and the amounts of CuOZnO solidsolution of the catalyst increased as the aging time extending which in turn to influence the catalytic activity of the catalyst.
Abstract: Transition metal phosphides have recently been reported as a new class of highactivity hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) catalysts. Among them, Ni2P has better HDS and HDN activity. The surface area of unsupported Ni2P catalysts is rather low (< 1m2/g). To increase the active surface area, the dispersion of Ni2P on a highsurface support is needed. SiO2 is widely used as support of the Ni2P catalysts. TiO2 is commonly used as support of catalysts. It can cause strong interaction with metal, that facilitates disperse of active components on its surface. In this paper, a series of supported Ni2P catalysts on TiO2 were prepared via temperatureprogrammed reduction. The structure characteristics of samples have been characterized by means of Xray powder diffraction（XRD），N2 adsorption (BET) and temperatureprogrammed reduction (H2TPR). Benzene hydrogenation was chosen as a model reaction to investigate the influences of Ni loading, initial Ni/P mole ratio. Results showed that Ni2P was the main phase on the TiO2 supported catalysts. Ni2P/TiO2 catalysts had high activity with 100% cyclohexane selectivity and excellent stability in benzene hydrogenation reaction. The preparation factors had great effects on the activity of benzene hydrogenation reaction. With the increase of Ni2P loading，the activity of the Ni2P/TiO2 catalyst increased firstly and then decreased. Benzene conversion reached a maximum with Ni2P loading of about 12%. The activity and stability of the Ni2P/TiO2 catalysts were also affected profoundly by the initial phosphorus content. With the increase of the initial P/Ni mole ratio，the reaction stability is better，but the steady activity increased firstly and then decreased. In comparison with Ni2P/SiO2, Ni2P/TiO2 catalysts had much better activity and stability in benzene hydrogenation reaction.
Abstract: Mesoporous aluminosilicate MCM48 containing zeolite secondary building units in the pore wall, has been synthesized in alkaline media by a twostep procedure: the zeolite structure precursor was first synthesized by carefully controlling reaction conditions and then the presynthesized zeolite precursor was assembled using mixed templates of gemini surfactant \[C18H37N(CH3)2(CH2)3N(CH3)2 C18H37\]2+ and triethanolamine (TEA). Small angle XRD patterns of the asmade samples display strong diffraction peaks, indicating the highly ordered mesostructured MCM48 was formed. TEM images further show that the asmade sample has uniform cubic pore channel system with the pore diameter of about 2.5nm. FTIR technique was employed to characterize the pore wall of the MCM48 containing zeolite building units. IR spectra reveal an extra band at 520cm－1~600cm－1 assigned to fivemembered rings from zeolite structure, suggesting the presence of zeolite building units in the pore wall. N2 adsorption/desorption result shows the material has much higher specific surface area （1200m2/g）, compared with the reported data （1100m2/g） of MCM48. This may be ascribed to the presence of micropores produced by zeolite secondary building units in its pore wall. The hydrogenation dealkylation reaction of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons on the asmade MCM48 catalyst gives higher conversion than that on traditional MCM48. Thus, it is concluded that asmade MCM48 containing the secondary building units of zeolites is of potential application in the catalytic conversion of large molecules. The key factors in our synthesis of MCM48 are the controlled preparation of zeolite precursor and the selection of auxiliary template.
Abstract: The heteroatom substituted zeolite BY was synthesized in the process of hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite Y with some aluminium source substituted by boron source. The crystalline structure, surface acidity and catalytic properties of zeolite BY were characterized by Xray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), pyridineIR and microreaction activity test (MAT). The results showed that boron was incorporated into the framework of zeolite Y and the crystallinity of zeolite BY with an appropriate amount of boron incorporated was improved. The Bronsted acid sites were increased and subsequently the Lewis acid sites were decreased with the introduction of boron. The catalytic activity of zeolite BY for cracking and hydrogen transfer reaction was enhanced, the olefin in the cracking gasoline was decreased and the aromatic hydrocarbons were increased. Thus BY zeolite is an ideal active component for the olefinreducing FCC catalyst.
Abstract: The effects of inorganic additives on the misfire properties of ammonium nitrate were investigated. With the incorporation of inorganic additives (3% GXJ1 and 10% GXJ2) in ammonium nitrate, the misfire properties can be improved significantly. The explosive mixture of the modified granular ammonium nitrate and diesel oil according to the industrial formula can not be detonated by No. 8 detonator. Moreover, as a safe compound fertilizer, the modified ammonium nitrate behaved well for the agricultural use with high granular strength and resistance to agglomeration and moisture absorption. The modified ammonium nitrate was then characterized with SEM and XRD to investigate the mechanism of the misfire improvement by the inorganic additives.
Abstract: The desulfurization of model gasoline by 5A molecular sieves loaded with Cu2+ was studied. Several factors which influence the desulfurization capability, including temperature, Cu2+ loading, baking temperature, as well as the ethanethiol concentration were investigated. In the range of adsorption temperature of 20℃~45℃, it was found that the sorption capacity of ethanethiol on 5A molecular sieves loaded with Cu2+ increases with the temperature increasing. The desulfurization is enhanced by increasing the Cu2+ loading and the best result is obtained at the Cu2+ loading of 0.16mol/L. Baking of the sorbent can also improve the desulfurization capability, and the optimum baking temperature is 300℃. Two methods of the sorbent regeneration were compared in the experiment，the regeneration by baking is better than that by alcohol washing.
Abstract: The additives for reducing the olefins in the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline were prepared by peptization. The effect of additives for reducing the olefins in the gasoline was evaluated in the micro reactor. The additive with the molar ratio of Mg and Al (n/n), 1∶1, had the best olefins reducing reaction activity. XRD result showed that MgAl2O4·MgO spinel was formed in the additive. Studied by Infrared Ray, it was found that the amount of total L acid decreased by adding the content of rare earth. Meanwhile the amounts of weak L acid and the total weak acid increased. Thereby，the hydrogen migration activity of FCC catalyst increased. When the content of the rare earth was 20%, the olefins reducing activity was 45.45%. Studied by XRD, it was thought that the effect of reducing the olefins of the FCC gasoline was the result of the cooperative efforts of MgAl2O4 and ReO2.
Abstract: The pyrolysis kinetics is very important for the development of biomass thermal chemical conversion technology. By means of the TGDTG analysis, the pyrolysis behavior and kinetics of corn stalk were investigated with the heating rate from 5℃/min to 100℃/min. The experimental data reveal that the kinetic parameters are much influenced by the operating conditions. And the activation energy of pyrolysis reaction increases with heating rates. Through the kinetics compensation processing, the apparent kinetic parameters of pyrolysis are obtained with the activation energy of 66.5kJ/mol and the frequency factor of 3165s－1. A kinetic model is validated for the corn stalk pyrolysis, which can well fit the experimental results. Moreover, some fundamental data of pyrolysis is provided, which is much valuable for the understanding of process mechanism.
Abstract: A series of MoP/γAl2O3 catalysts with MoP loadings of 5%~20% were prepared by direct reduction of the corresponding molybdenum phosphate precursors. Different preparation methods were considered to 20% MoP/γAl2O3. The catalysts prepared were characterized by XRD and TGDTG. The catalytic activity was tested in a continuous flow type microreactor at 340℃, 370℃and 3.0MPa. A liquid containing thiophene, pyridine, cyclohexene was used as the model compounds. The results indicate that the active species of supported catalysts are dispersed well on the surface of the supporters, the weight loss of supported catalysts in TGDTG analysis occurs earlier than unsupported ones. It is found that supported MoP is much more active than unsupported ones and it could maintain higher HYD conversions without loss of HDN activity. The 13% of MoP loading catalyst was most active, the conversion of pyridine, thiophene and cyclehexene could reach 99.15%, 98.23% and 100% respectively. The preparation method that γAl2O3 was added in at the same time is better than other methods.
Supervisor：Chinese Academy of Sciences
Sponsors by：Shanxi Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Chemical Society
